                 ˿µϣ2021815գ

21.08.05-14ûи
21.08.15, ӡʽٱĺ격ʿѧλĳϮ١
21.08.15, ˿20218º
ʫ鱣
ţɳҽڡ֯Ķడ
˿¶ҹɢǣ֮
Ǭܣðʽʷ
͡ʣӾĹ£ʮһʮ

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys5.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)

              ʽٱĺ격ʿѧλĳϮ

ѧѧίԱ᣺

У1997ʿĺ꣨θѧɽҽԺȾΡ֧
ǣд2000Ĳʿѧλġ˷֧˾katGͻ»
ƵϵоصĳϮؽӳϮߴ34.8%
ּȫճƪ

1998귢ڡй־ϵġ˷֧˾ҩԵĻ
չߣأ

1998귢ڡл˺ͺ־ϵġKatGķѧ
֧˾ҩߣƺϣ

ûڲοƪȻǿ١

ĺ걾ٴҽѧ˶ʿҽרҵûд·ѧо
רҵʣʱһ浱ҽһְʿҲô
ķѧоˣʵ鲿ּ
оɹģӦĵʵҲ顣

ʹֻǿĵĳϮΣҲǼغͺģ˵ȫ
ϸĲʿѧλģӦĺĲʿѧλ

ίԱԵسϮӶôٴαίԱ
Ǵǰѧ˵ĻӦýɢ

ӣ

2021.8.16.

(XYS20210815)

˿(www.xys.org)(newxys5.com)(groups.google.com/group/xinyusi)



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

һڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣵣
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ
졡
鱣
졡鱡
ţ
졡
ġɳҽڡ֯Ķ졡һڿ
డ졡Ȼȥ
졡ǻɵ
˿¶졡ˮݺͽ
졡
ҹɢ졡
ǣ֮衡졡þ

Ǭ

̡ܣð
ʽʷۡ
졡
͡

ʣӾĹ¡
ʮһʮ졡

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

newxys4.comйΣʹðȫӣ
https://newxys4.com

µľnewxys5.com

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ҽڡ֯Ķ

ɳ

˳ĲϷͣı
ϣ¹ڲ۷һ㡣и͵ı
ҲԽԽȣǾϴһרŴ¡Ĩڡҽ֯
ıΪҽʵĳЩӶ
عרĨҽҩڴйҽҩгΪҽҩռ
гǱйġͳĻĿҪݻй˵
Ļš

ıʵеģ˵겿ѧ֪ʶ
ӣᶡ³Ѹɽָҽ۵ķǿѧԺ˵
ҽҩҵߺҽǱȺЩָʵǣ
ͬʱرҽҩڵľ޴ȱݡᱻ̶ֳȵıƵˣҲȷ
ʵ޷ΪʲôΪйĳһãѵйӦ
ǡشﲩ磬µһôʲôǱȲϹ
أȻʵĨҽȻǺˡĿǰ
ϺҽԽԽ࣬ԽԽƵⲻòǻЩҽڱ
վĳЩҽǷѾγһӴĲҵ

Ȼҽձıۣû֤ݣͼ
ЩҽڡѰڡҽͼҴ֯˿
˷ডľԱĳ̶ȡȻϧǣĿǰΪֹҽǾٳ
Ψһ֤ݡҲһ˵Ҫҽ׬Ǯֻȥ빫ںţ
Ķõù롱ʵǡǡҽͼֻ
ܿԱ˽׵֤ݣڴҽĶϰǾ
Ȼİ仰ҽڡ칤ʵ֤ݣϵץ
ҽڡ֯һ㵹˻ЩҽˮƽĬС

ʵЩҽɲ˷ѾĻȥѰʲôҽڡ֯
Ϊȣ¶СʵȡʹΪҽαѧ
ָۣҩûоϸҩЧԡáȫȫ
вȷνЧ԰οЧӦ߻ߵ
ָʵ࣬СڡҽҽǺڵġϲʲ
ôڡڡСźڡƭӺڡָҽ۵ķ
ѧҩЧȱѧ֤ЩʵʵҲֻǽʾ
ʱıԡȻҽҵĴͳҽѧһҽѧʷ
ϰݹҪİοɫȻʹĹܣӦ
ȷҽѧδ彡ӦýִҽѧⲢΪʲ
ô֯ءĨڡҽĻ֣ǿѧչϢͨı
ȻżֶεĽĹ۲ҲڲߣӺ˵
̽΢˵ǿԹ۲쵽ϸ˵ӣ
ٵϸӵʵԣıʶѴﵽҺ˵
СһЩΨģ޷󼰵Ŀ͹뾫ȷ

ΣҪ׬ǮǱȻǴҽʵ档һ˻֯ͨ
ҽķ˿Ѿ߱һѧ߼ˣԽ
ˣԽܴ׬ǮΪձһҪĿľ
ڱø˼šߺơĳҪͨҽ׬
ǮǾǺҵͷԡʱ׼Ϲˡյӯ
ʽʵǳޣżӸҵ滹Ҫע汾Ŀɿԣ˸
αѧ滹ҪΪǮɥʧ֪ߣʿʵֻ
֪ʹ˽סð硣ۻԣҽܵõ
ͳĻӰĴ˵ĺøк֧֣ϾлѧĹ˻
йȺ5%⻹ֹ۹ƣҽҩʿʵ
Ⱥе࣬Ҳ಻ʵ˵󣬶Ǵ
ҽҩѡͻĬԣ˻Լ
ȺķաҪ׬ǮҲԻǴҽ׬Ǯ˿úƣǮ󷽣
ҽҩҵȫԡġáݣʳ
ϵټӳ֧֣֡ĸҵ׬ģ

ӲҪ֯ءڡҽǾҹΣҹ
ҽڡ֯ͷĿϾѧĸѧ
֪ʶȫظ㣬֮ʶһЩصΨ
ִѧѧȫ룬ҽΪЩαѧҲ
ǿ͹ʵйɣѧָڵҽѧʵҲ
޷ȡÿظҽЧռȫ̶ܽȵ
ߣѧ֪ʶҲֻԽԽģȻʷ
εԭҽĿǰִܼҽѧϵˮ㣬ҽҩںܳ
һʱڼй˵ճУִҽѧ̭Ѿ
޷תһȻ֡ҽҩЧɷֻᱻִҽѧ
ںϣΪִҽѧһ֣ҽҩΪһ屻̭ʵ
ҴͳҽѧĹͬ˲ûʲôֵֽĳֲ
Ϊ˭ڡڡǿѧչıȻڡҲһҪ

ĳЩȺ֮ԻıۣΪ˵ܵв֪ܵ
ս˸е̬ԼĿƣкͽǸ֮ʱ
ı۾Ϳ԰磬ǻᡰѰҴ𰸡
Щ˵ȥĳЩﱳվȨѬĴıۣܹ
ϵο壬Щı۰ǻʽرԼ
ͬҽҲһʱķչѾҽԽԽʱ
Ҳֻܼϣıı۵İοϾֻԼı£Ѿ
ȫȲִҽѧˡ


  డ



磬Ⱦͼ͵һϮ

СſڣһСֳϰһЩСһīɫϡĵ
ɫڵĹũһЦϵϣһʱӷɣ
˲찡ûɶӡ󰡣ũƶ˵ȥûСϣǰ
ǳġ㲻ٹһô¡
ʲôöԷ̫ΡҾѡϣܱȰǧ
֮ⳤ;ʡ˿̣ũһ㣬ֵ˺ãϸҾ
ëǮָۣ

ؼҷźϣת߳СʱھΧֳѡ
ϣũæСвƤϵæ͵гЦЦ

ѱôۻȣڸԼӶͷϵĺˮҪӿ
ǾظСſڣֳϵʣ࣬С
ŷֻһŷŮָ˰ߣ
ϲУûôզƭһɫֱũȥ

ȷпȴܲӹժΪ
ȷʱˡũûнʲô̧첲Ӳ˲֪ɶʱͷð
ĺˮ˵û죿ͻôԱ߼˲Ծеϴ
ûٿȥֱؼҡ

£ƵԡҪôȱƽʮȣֱˮҪô
裬綹֣شɽѡϸ
ȲļܱףɳȿǾ
ĹũԩϽΪгϣִɳ
ϴڣҹϼ۲ͣ˿ͲϡֻǣСڵĹũ
ϣͬҪռ䣬ҪҪǵ콫
㡪ڵũ̱ڵͷ

һֳϣ˿ȣ˿磬ס˱֤Ѱ
죬УҪİۡడ


˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס


 ҹɢ



ͦᷳһ㲻ͣæµһǺûӵġ
ʽУֻеȻҹɢͺȻǰǣ
Ҫ˯㡣㲻תæһᱳʹȻһҹɢ
鲻ãΪѣ·ͻƣۻأΪԼ߶߰ա

ҹɢ·ѡӱߡӱҰһǼΪһΧ
ķŵɵĿҰԱ߱ԼС·Ｘ
ҪʧҲЩĬȻ۲ˣ²ؼ߸ϵˣ
ǿеĲڿή˥ܣȥྭô֮
еںӱߣļ䣬룬ǲһ˻
ŵġ

ԺСںӱߵ΢Ѳ̧ҹͼͻ
˸ϱ죬ЩϸķǺȥ˼󲿷ֵ
Ѻö˶˵ˡα֡α˳һë
Ƥ𤸽ĶȱʧأʱʱԼ˲һ
ӣɶ˼ǰֵأźڴ򹤡ƽģ
û¡

ԼôֻҲӣۿḻģ
ӾľڣäˣŪ῵Ҳǰ״ʵ
δ쵽ۿķḻ壬ͱĻغˡոһտ˸
ȴΪУԴҼ㷺زͬҲ˵ҷĻЩ
νܻеʵͦЩɵ⣬Ǿʶ
ͦһ鲣

̵ؽνܵļǵæµġҲ
˵ҪæĸһǾˡƹ
԰ѲƸѻϲɽһߡ˵㣬ʱٷ֮һ˿ڿԻϲ
ռаٷ֮ʮŵĲƸƾƣǹ¶ڣ
ּģֵȴôҲ

ΪʲôҪѡҹɢأžѡɢڵϻţ
Ĺҵģ򲻹һɫ
壬һ˼ά«έںӱҡţҹĸ
ϲĹϣѧҲͯߡÿһո
ĥĹҶҪһرһҲŸѧʶЩ
ԴԴҵĹ衣

ɢζڼԼѡĵ·ǰߣȥҹ·һ
ڣǺܰȫĻһŵǰ·Ҳ΢΢Щ
ġûµҹܾŵľʱȻֹȻ
ʱ̣һıҪɳǲ
֪Ҫѵ׵ĸϵŵĸϵȥˡûˡһЩ
ȫûκĻĮ򣬷ռ

˿һڵĵ·ԣͻȻܳһ˵Ķħ˵Ϊֹ
ܶûԵģҪ⸱һͻȻ⣬
ػٻصħǰĵһԸ⡣һҵҵ
ϰ壬ڳһһܱöħҳ
ҪõĵöࡣҵʵҲĴڣƬƬĵݣϾ
ʱռڵĶǿһޡţһǿ
ҵؾȨԼνһС

ɢ·ϣܶࡣ뵽Լ;磬ͯУһ
Щ˵ڣЩôҲԲֵÿ
ӾһȻҵؿһͨ
ȥԴӾ˳ʵϣȱʧ˵ɲǳ˵ֹ߳
塣ҲǺ壬ֻǲԸ˳ӹ߳ˡҲǵĴ
ǸںδǸģÿ
һӶиһϣ޴ӰѣҲ˵ǲ
Ǻô˵ʹˡνǼϻ
ģ㲻һõĻ

깺һ¬С顪һɢߵ롷Ķ顣
ҺϲһˣһȻ֮ӵķǳɵĸܡ
ҵ֮ʼԴԴ˼֮ɣ֮׿塣Ϊ
ʱΰѧ֮һ¬˼ԳԽʱʹڽ쿴ܶ
Ҫ˼Ҳʱġֶ¼еľ䣬
ǸʱǷǳˣΰңӿֳܶΰˡ
̩µȵЩΰӰ˺࣬ı
չ򡣴Ұתոתִ

һû׼Ķҵļƻ꣬
ƻһȥƶɣҹɢһϣԼܼȥ
衣˵ľ֮һ£ʱ־һפ
ھ֮ΪյĹ磬Ϊĳأ˼
һ֮أһ޴ǮĻһоĻ壬֪
öѴࡣԣֵɾѡôȷĿ
Ļʹ˼ѸٵжһŹϣһš

¬ڡڮ١ӼʼʽʱľǷǳ
ѹֵģŽѹֵĳ·߽ȻӵȻеԨ
ġɾն£ȻɽĿζִԣ¬ԨҪ
ȻȻǰ߸ߣ࣬ԡǲǶ
˽⣬ԱȽϳǵĲ𡣻ҲûʸۡϾ
רҵ԰֮ͨ⣬ǵȻԺ˵˭ᵱԴأ
˵ֻҪʻѣʸϸ߼淶

ҹɢһ˶Ļ˼ϲĻǽߵ̰
˰ΪΪڱȽϽԵʣҲкеĳϫ
зʱϸ˵ڰߣһСС
һϵĲˣҾҵȻİߣ
ӵƬĿտĻǹ貣Ȼᣬ
³Ȼžѹס˼˯ߵĺ˻һ͸˼һ죬˲Ų
գӶÿֺ㡣

ɢ԰ԼԶŵˣˮӣԲΪ
СϹҶϵϣǿ׳벻磬
һéݡҲһǿƮƮ磬ٲȻҲһ
ʿһӣӹǳֻӵľһŮᶨ
糺ϼĸԣŸһķʴ
ŵ¨˳ѸٳȥЩŽγء
糿ïܵɭ֮ϣȺѾӵϿȻȺ
ڰߵǳˮϺ

Ŀ֮Ҷϵļ֮㣬֮㶼Ͼ̽Ѱ
ʹʹȻ̱ӡִоͷǣ
­ǻ֮СѷһִӤǿʱһȺ
ķǳԽݴȺ̱ºˣ
ʱˣˡⲻʵα

ҲԼĳϵĴʦʱʱһ
ռóӵĹ׿صȻһֱˮ
ïɭܲǿڣԭʼķˣһȥո
ֲȻϸ̶׵紩ڼڽ
ÿһƽûйҲûźƿƬأִ
оڤڤһͳǵϲŷպͼģ
ԺֺҰʩԳͷ㿴пᣬһ
縺ԼΣܴƽѡ

Կŵ㵸дʹȷһͨˣ
óһЩʣʳͨ񼣣ѣܾܹˣҪ
ΪΨһİοУǣԲǸ
ĹиʱڹϿԼĵã峤
Ĵ䣬쵼зԷʩԿ̣Чȡ
ٷչūǰʱᣬһţһ˻
ڡȻǱɢԭʼž޴Ľ

ҲԼδˣΪ֮㲻òʻɴǰ
ǰҡΪϵһجΣѾڱ̼Ũ
֮ܵĲ˷ǿֵ֮ǿѿ˶
꣬¶ƣ̬½ɹԽ
Խסһӽڼǰĵ򣬵µˮԴϱ
ʹáƼĿѾﵽĳ̶ȣ˿Ѿҵ
Ȼܡ蹤ÿ˶ֻ
Ȼ״̬ﳩӾȻʱƼĸٲ
ͣشĲƸԴǿˡڳΪ
ͳ߶ڣ棬һԣȲ˵ǣҲ˵ǡ
ǻزȥˣ˷ȫﶼٵˡϴ
ʲŵĴڡ

δʱȥڵϸ㻵ˣǸ
һ㣿ˡκһ򶼱ȵбһ򱶣ʲ
ôȥƻһȵ򣿸оȫĿƻöĳ
˰˹̹ˣʵԵһϲͨǲ̾Ƽı
ķṦΰʵǲԵģҪÿƼӽϷչ
Ҫϵҳëȱ㣬ѵʶ
ΨаѸļٽ͵ǿ£
ģֻΪ˵ľ޶ƸлȻƻ޴
˿ڱĿɳƶУôδδ
ѵϵҪȥͻһЩֲһ
лȻͬ󲿷˿ڵƶһĻ
壬ֻӵб˴˶ѣҲ˴˶ڡ


ϲҹɢΪҹ˼յҲ
ô͸˼άҹ֮ʱ˼άŻͳϳһЩ˼
·Ȼɢ䣬һЩƽҲĸ򣬻
ӴȻ


 ֮

ǡ

1 1994

ݵ¹ǰվһǿ˶󣬴ڴµİ
糤ҷأһַּʡôܣ
¿ȥˮ棬ŷסֻɺЩһȦԲε
ء

Ļ𳵣Сݡĵط֮ǰֻڵ
￴¹ǰͷһμֵ֣
ȻΪ

ϺϺˡ飬ѧһҵˣ
ȥN˸ǰȥϺȥ¹ǩ֤ڽվ
һ硣ӽʱ˽ȥյݽȥˣϵݽȥ
վҲݽȥˡǸ£һŻҰ㲡¹ͷ
ѧģôĶѧ

ϲ

ϲ̧̧ͷͶһȻɵĿ⡣һ
һܵȥһתרҵﲻˡԲҲܸ
ǩ֤

Ϊʲô

û㹻ľ

Ҫ磬һ˳ת߿ǳ緹ʱˡ

פϺݣڽǻһȥС棬
ȥ

ʱòȫѧˣһܵ
һȥϺ㶫ɶ


2


գƵģѾվڹݵ¹ǰһž죬
ſֲ֯þµֽӡˢģȥС
ӡ

ǰվˡһӵȴǩ֤ԣǽУͼ㿪µĽ
ŵ޿ɶ֮ӰһѣԶԶȥһ
β͡

һǩ֤ģһų٣ǽɶ㡣

ûվ˵Ķ˵Ҫƾס֤Ŷӵ˹
ȻŲǻյ֤ôҲǿһ

ǸǸйˣѱݸ
Ļ˳һ룬Ҳ˳

ʱ̸ϣ½դ߳

ΧȥѯʡǩģҡͷҴ߿ǩ˵ģ˸߲ң
ʱش

˻ģ㳯סأڶ

ſڵʱҲͼ֮ң
Ҳ˵뿪ݣˡ

Ǳݽа컹죬Ѳǵá

һֻɫļӭǩˣ

˵ûС

Ŷˡ

˵ҲûС

ʽǩǩ

˵˵

ûбܵģ

Ȼ

ǩĶ಻ࣿ

Ҳм

ʲôģ

кÿģҲвÿġ

Ц¶ܰ׵ݣ˵F-1J-1ĸǩ

˭֪

˵ˡҲȥñ    


3 


ס¹ݲԶʮӾ͵Hʡפݰ´дһ
˹һ׼䡣ǸʮݵıˣеȸͷκĿ
еٸ

˵Լ̫ƽüˡ棬
һҹƷ˾פݵľ

ݵĽ˿С棬˵죬׺ģӲӵһƬ
ǮǵصǮ˵Ǯϰ壬кܶǮ 

סдԼǮˣɡ

ƺĻɣ˵ߵĿȣǼȻҲ㲻Ϻ
Ǯ

ǮͻȻ

ûС

⣿

ϰࡣ

ڹݣ

Ͼ˵ǩ֤ġ

׬ǮȻƵ˵


4 


תۼд¥ϵ¥ǲ˵Ĳˣ͵
деķ緶룬ڻһִӵİ
ɲ豭иԲԲġͷŦһسд
ǵдһźը״Ŀˮ¯

ŷ˺ѰλͿĿϤ
ġҲˣ΢Ц

ˣʡ

ˡ

ǩˣ

졣

˵հ

ĸ

Թ԰İİ

ϡգټûеġ

˵ո㺱С

˵ˣиʫ˻аء

˵ѧʦӦѧѧ

ţ˵Ŷʫ˻нСһ㡱ģһܲǸա

㲻աһɡ

˵κŮκ

ϵᣬеۣһǺЩǰյġǰȻ
ֻЩҲ˵Щ

˵ԽϡΡ¼£Σ꣬ɳ
̫̫ˡ

ͬһϳԷѸԵϢ͸¶Էˣ
壬ϵҵȥѧѾǩˡ

϶Ϊ̫Ư˵

Ц˵˵

˵ԽƯԽǩϺҥɢһȥ
ˣдϡ

Ǻǡ

Ҳе˵ԽйŮˣǿԽ˵
ͻȻòͷȻֹ

ǲ⣬˵Ѿƣ󶼸ǩ˵
ôᣬǰ;

˵ԼѾʮˡ

䡣

ʮ

ʮˣ˵

ɡ

˵Ȼǡһת۵顣˵Сʱ򣬿Ӱ
ʮˡʮʲôµģʱų

ת۾Ͷʮˣ˵

ʮˣ

㿴һˡ

ǿҲһ

㻹ء

Ҳϡ

껹ô˵ת۾Ͷʮˣ


5 


ͬݵڸһŮӴ绰ڵ绰ϣѾ
ˣкӡ˵ϲóƺҲ벻һĿȻ
ľ棬Ȼûûˡҹı߬һơƽţ
ĬĬҺȡƺˣվƵغһǾͽ
ɣ

ͲŤͷһı磬̧ͲŸǱߵ
Ů˳̾ 

ѿվƿӽͰҡͷת߳⡣

ʱκѾǩ֤ڴϣרǸŮ˻
Գ

ڵ绰ǱߣӦкüŮӡǸ죬һҪ
޸ҹĵ绰ˣ¥·ֵ̨Ůɵġ
ųţ¥ȥۡʱ绰ͨˡϲȻϲȻ
ˣ 

κǽλɢȥˡ


6


ڳ緹ʱԼһȥǩ֤

ǰʱ硪סýеˮ¥̨˼

ǽӰ£ǿϷ챼ŵա̫
ںܲϲ

̫ԽԽߣǽӰҲȥˡһȺ˶վ޴
ݡóһɡţվɡӰм˵ĸо

һͬŽդŵġֱǩˣҲһûʲô
ɽ

ûϻùݣſסǡκʶ˾
ȺַƬԳһѧѯܾ

κǰҪܾһˣҲȥ

Ǹ˵Ĺ˾ݲԶһ֣գһƧ
浹Ҳɾ칫ǽϺȻűҵ֤顣ܾ˵ԼϾ
ѧҵģҲһգǿǩ֤ǩ֤
˵ǰˣȻøǩ֤練ƣȴмȥˡ˵ǮҪ
κͰ˭öࣿ˭

Ļգ֣µݺշѱ׼˵
׼ϣλشµ⡣ǧ𣬹˾
ϣ°װһ¡ɹʰٷ֮ʮϡܾԼӽϰ
ΣԼ˸̣ǧ˲ŽǮĿǰֻѡ
ƽ

ҪǩȥˣǮô죿 

ܾ룬һֽ

ֻֽ֣Ϣȫ˭ηϣպŶ٣ĩ
дţǩ֤һ顣

ʱҰֽ¹һһ򡭡
ţأ

ĲһݷóܾĿ

֪֪и⣿ܾ˲ϣ̧ͷһ˵

ʲô⣿

û顣

š

һʮŮ˻û飬ȥǩ֤ϾûϣһôƯ
ġ



һý飬ٵҲС


7 


һͷǸ긾Ůðκ㡢ٿ
㡣

һ±ʾˣٽˡŮ˾ͷŰ˵
𣿡

ȻǣҲˡ 

Ůһû

ƬȿȡƬı鿴ȥίʵĪ

Ȼ˳һСϡǰģ
лϤϾڹѾˡ

һˮ̯ԣЩˮӦö
಻ʶʶҲϤɫ״Щ̯Ҳǻ

һëһμë׵ˮһ
˵Щ˵һοëʱصı顣

岼ˮ̯֮Ȼſ¿ֵС̯ˣ
ӵǸˣ֤ǮԷָ̾ͷˣƬ
ȥ˵õڶȡ

ͬСཻһʷĴ֣Ժж
ĵطвн֣Ů˺ͺǵá

ǵԱ龰ܽͲů
ģлʵĸо˰ԷȻǷʲô
Ф񣿲ֵһᣬƬʵڷƿɳ£
һɵıȥԶæҲԸˡ

ڶҪȥһѺëõȰ˼
֪ʲôζ

ĳ࣬ЦѼëǰƣëëƵ
ӻϴ


8


Ҳ֪СʲôطȻǸйݵĳС˵
Ҳԡ

ݲʰϵĳƱɻؼҡ
ڴϷ㶡ʱڱŵ绰ǸŮĸû꣬е
ˡ

¥ڴõС̺ʹ̡

ȻҲ¥

дſڵСߣףȻ齭ˡߵ
̺·ƶѵƹӽˮѺö˶һҹŪڽ
ߣһʱƺҲҲʲô˵

ȿ˿ڣô졣

ԣô졣

㲻뻻ѧУŪȫѧʲôģ

ôôˣ

ôСǰеľʽȷеҲǻ
ˡŬΪִֺγ׸е


9 


ǰǰݵģ֮ǰһ繤һϰ࣬һ׼
Ӣ￼ԣϵĴѧΡԺأһѵĹ˾
æ롣һǰϲһŮˡĹۣŮˡ
ӳпʼѡǹѪӾﳣеڣ˵

˵ĲңĪҶûд⣬ڱ˵ÿٴε

ǴѧͬУͬͬѧѧҵԺһ𣬺ֹһη֣
һ־ǺüꡣٺֺͺˣҪˣû뵽ֳ¡

˵ǸŮĺˣǰһڣһ⣬Լ
ͱһֻԲĹĵը

˵Ҳôء밲ο

òҪұ㡪ǸŮĵȥԼᣬ˶ѣ
˵ȥͻˣػǲأ

Ĭһ˵ʱǻᷢġ

ⲻƽ

ûʲô˵ˡ

Ȼ˵ҪȥҸ㣬ºǩ֤ء

˵ɵˣˣҹš

У˵ҲҪҿ˵⻰ʱĹĵģȻ
뵽һö˵


±һȺ̵ӵм䣬ŵȻǽյġʯǵ
ֵؿš

ǽȥˣҲûŵǾվɷĸ
ǰͷʮдʡ

Ҳһݡ

һ󡣡

ǩ֤Ҫ󡣡

󡣡

һ£ҸŮѡ

ߵǸǰĬһӡҹݷҼĴ
ϸùҸŶԡܵĤľ߰ͷ

˵ʮˣǶʮˡ

˵֪

˵ԭҪʮ֮ǰԼ޵

ԸҲʵˡ˵


10


صNǵĵڶ£һţдһЩҪĸлĻ
˺üԽǮ˵ȥԽˣԽûʲôÿģ
ǮҲֵܲǮ

ҲţԽǮϵͷǺ־ɣȥԽϻ᲻
ȣ

ʱһϵڻе㲻˼ˡ


11  ¬ϫ


¬ϫǸ˾Ψһһ֪׼ȥǩ֤ˡʱ
ʶѾһˡ

ʶǲܵģڹ˾֮䣬ֻһëÿ
һ麬ĲǾͲò۵Сۡ

һ˫ۡ

һζرˮĺζġ

Ϊ˸ζˮǺԼĺģ°
ʱӣùǸָϸƿӣָ׿ٿӣŵ
Ũصĺζ

ڶ¶̨ϣβһ١
ŵƿûиʵħһӡ

Բ¬ϫ

Lucy

ô֪ɵأ

㣬˭

Щˣû

ҵZJѧ̫ίˡ

ˮ¼֮죬̣һȥ緹˵
˵ϵġGREʻ㡷;úͬ·ˡ˫ۺ
ÿûüϡ

ٺյĴѧһһܾţҪ
ʱ򣬺ȻһܺѧһɣɳĮĴѧ

GREϣиϡҲмԸ¡

ȥǩ֤ǰȹȡʱ򣬻ûǰͿˣȹݵֶ
ùؾأǵǸȹݵ֣ȴǵ֣ؼҡ
˹ҲʣǶᣬΪһؼҡ۽
ʲôöӦøл

12


ȻȥϺǩ֤ȥվǸǰ棬ߥ
һԸ

Ȼɻؼҡ

ڻ֮ǰͷԶİ֡Ҳƽس֡

˵ǰΪȥӰľͷĿͷɻ
ԶȥʵȴǣľȻػӻ־ˡ


ЩԽǮңѲ֪Ķˡ

յԽǮֹ֮˼£绰˵մŴ


֪ھҵһǩأ˵

Σ

Һá


̸˵أʲô鰡ʲôӰʮ
ĻѪڲסأصֲģƵģ
ֿʱ򲢲֪ǾǸŮ˱ȻӡΪ
ƽҲ


¬ϫʱȥȿȣҲأǰ٩һ
¶š

㶼ѻˣҳúȿȣҪ˭绰ƣ
Ҹ߽ȥǸʱʻûбһ
ھӵĳط

ˡ˵

ͷܹһ̿֡

ǡšԲ㶮ġ

ͰѿȶҪõϡ

˫װҪ޵ӡ

Ŀ޳ˡ˵ôô顪ָ
ѡ

ҵһƶرNǹڣڰ
ˡ˵Ҫǲڣ֡

Сɵ˵

֪ѽиɣѧͬͬѧ

Ȱ˵˲ڸַ֣硱㿴óһ
޴Ƿʽ

͸ɷַֺϺϵس˺һӡ

ֻҪһӲȥȿȣ֪͡Сɡֺͺˡ


13   ּ  


תһꡣڶȥǩ֤졣

ȥͬһѲƵǩ֤Ƥ£ͬʱ¾ģ
һˡ

֤顣

Լ˽һ˵ĵţԼҵġ
ţȴԷһɫ˳

Congratulationsǩ֤˵

һ˲ͰתһϡԺǸ˲䣬
Ȼò˼顪һſıһ˵һ

Hʡפݰ´д߻ȥʱ򣬶ʵԶ
˻ɡ

ڴ

Ȼסԭķ

Сκǵ

Υ

ȥ



ظǩȥ˰ɡ

ࡣ

ϲϲȥǮ

˵ȥġ

˵ĴǮ

һﳯ߹ĸ첲˻֣һ
ͷԷʧǿ


绰˵ڹˣȻι˾

ǩ֤ɹϢķӦƽġ

ڣȻҪȥûػǩ֤̾
û˺к̽Ƭ

ʱҪģҪ˾סعؿ֤Ѷϲ
ڳ˻պǩ֤Ϳֱӽڶٰ
Ϊһǩ֤·һȼɶֵˡǸվڷ
£ٴξһôᱻôɶȡ
ĳЩ̮ˡ


ڵĻһ߽˷ĵ绰һߴ
һһկȫйܸƺפ˴Ȼ
֪ЩظŮǼ٣Ҳ˰ԺһKTVء
Ҳǵͬһϲΰ󷢡ҲëҲδ֪

ָǮƬ˵㿴
˵ϴѧʱϲ˿ɶˡ

˵׷ĵһӦһϾ꣬ԺѧѾ
ҵˡ

˵ڴ׷ʱһ±÷ǳ־壬վһ׷
һȥ׷ˣֿ־Ǹϲߡ

Ǹȷʵ˧


14


ڶϣһ֦֦͵ڻ֦
߹ȥʱͷ˿ͳ¶һƯ΢Ц 

    ں˵ԭΪԿķɻգӰ
ʵǸխͺͶˡ

    յŵʱѾ

    ֪ΪʲôѡͶסõ

    Ÿ˵ĴѧһįСϣĴпҲ
Сʱ

    ˵ҲҸСһӡ

    ˵ּįʯһӲ

    ڽһʱǾһûһϵš


15


¬ϫ˵ôƫƧС򣬵ǻֻѧ¼ȡ

ǻȥѧԺĽڣؿˡ

һӣ¬ϫסڣĩʱһڻͬѧ
ǵĹϵ岻ġظСɡ绰ϽGRE
ꡣ


16


    ܶٴμʱһһ
绰һͷǸŮӽӵġڵ绰ǸŮ˭Է
˭ǸŮκʲôˣǸŮ˵ʲô¡

    ˵Ψһһε绰

    ˵ǸŮ¬ϫ¬ϫûа¸˵㲻˵
Զ֪·

Ĭһʣ¬ϫˣ

˵֪ҲҲ˫Űɡ

ʵ֪һЩģʱ¬ϫѾ˶ʿҵһҽABBĹ˾
һ

ЩϢʹ㲻֪Ҳųɹ


ǵãǸСϣмϣ¬ϫ˵ҪͲסį
Բѵ飬᲻ԭң˵òɡ


17 


뿪ǸСתѧȥϼǣȥѧʿ

ļ紺˺һֻ˯һֵֻıӾͿɶա

һӣٵʱҲһֻ˯켣˺У
ڵȻо

죬ûлѧУȥѧ˼٣ԼҪع
꣬ʵϲû뿪ǣһŹ·ˡ

2000ʱ򡣼ݺߵ¶ԶºͣͶ
ζֻ;վϿ̫ƽӿֻʵ
յġ


18


СнвɽɽԶи԰
԰־ΪԼصϺǰҹ˯εʱ
ʮǰҲϺ԰¶޹¶޲Ӧһ
ϵ

ڲ԰˯ΨһˣǶ
ǸˣߡǸChinese.飬ã˺
飬黹ҪѧλһǷǳȷ顣

ʱôġ   


19 


    иҲפ԰ļһһѺɤӣÿһҪ̨
յ޵٣ɤӳ䣺When you are alone and life is making 
you lonely, you can always go DOWNTOWN! DOWNTOWN! DOWNTOWN!

    ƣԷ˵If they didnt tell me Im annoying, I 
could be louder!

    ȵ֪йˣͳҪѧģI like Chinese from 
the bottom of my heart! ʹǿ׻Ҳ̫ˡ

    Downtownĸ˺ü졣ȻϷ
ʰ棺ҹ¶û¸ɣ㲻ȥ䣬䣬̳
ϹģȥĦೳҪȥ䣬ȥ
䣬ȥ䡭

    ڣѡɡ

    ֻѧǾ䡰ȥ䣬䣬̳

    ʵѾ궼û̳ˣֵλõһСвԶ
ÿ״򲻶ʮ㡣ǻƵ´ɸӡС
ͷ񣬾˵һѴйġ

ǻƽķᣬ϶ǺѡͳǸķᡣ

    Դķѧ˼ģʱͳWhen you are alone 
and life is making you lonely, you can alwaysȥ䣬䣬̳

    
20


2000죬ɼķһ̨ɵӸͺ
Լĵû˭ںϵ

ʵҲûʲôˣһЩÿ˾Ĺ档Ȼ֡Hi, I have 
contacted you for a long time.թƭʼһⶼٵġǸʼ
һĳ˵Ų

ڴǰһʼ˵ǩ֤
ڻݡڵõǩ֤˵ûиҰ
ǵĽ֤øǩ֤٣ϾȻһö񡣡

˵ʼǷ졣

ڶͻʼ˵ѾˣӡܺãһŹ·
÷ǳʵ

͸ʱһŹ·˵ɼȻ


˵׻ݣ֪Ҫʲô

˵ʲôҪ


21


˵ӵģһӡ˵2000괺ڵʱǰ
һˣУΪʹ˿԰ǸŮˡ
鲢ûгϣķչ

Ǹζã˵

˵һŷˣô˵ǲӦáѵù
Ǹ𣿡

˵֪Ǹô㸴𣬵ͻȻԼ
绹һ֪ת˵Ҽõĸˡ

ڵ绰ͷĬʮУȻ˵Ȼ˵ã
ˣûһˡ

֪ǸðοǸþţǾ;š

ˣ˵ǿ޵һˣ͵绰Ѷԣ´ҵ
ʱѵ绰ѻ㡣˵޶ôҲֻҿԴ绰㡣

ҵһ绰ɡ


22


ǴϼݵһСǼʱ˵Ρ
˴Ӻ׷ƴӴܣһֱӵ󺣱ߵϡͶ·
ʱ򣬷ǰһԾͷСͻȻķְһ
ȻƴȶۣȻҲûº

˵ȻΪ⼸ɻ̫Ƶ˶ѡ

˵һؽһ򲻿ŵӡ֪Ķ
ҵһӣ̨ϣ̨Ϸ¥ϧӶһ
ءӳӳ飬ȴͻȻʧ¥¡ǻǾ
͸ˣ

˵ʲôأҲҲͷ˰ɡ

˵ǰǰôͷ

˵ַΣʵǰѧʱ򾭳˾Ͳ
ˡ˵ǰμԼһɵһǴһ÷ɵ
һáֻҪ˶Լ˫֣ͲʱҲͻȻŷ
䵽ǰһ˲䣬ͻεض

˵ʵǰҲجΣ׷ϣƴӴܣѧʱ򾭳
ǳȥԺ󣬾Ͳˡ

˵ãҰѺ꣬͸һȥˡ

˵źˣӦǲԵİɡ

˵ôԣﲻ

Welcome to AmericaThis country would give you a lot of big 
surprises.


23


    ҹ԰ϲſǡǸСУ
ƹⰵ̧ͷܻܿǡڴУ
õĵƻΧͷϷǡͿź壬ʱ
ŵˮƮζȷԺ
ϡһֱΪˮζǴӺʬϷģ
Դ󺣾һ˵ôûкңԶȥߵĿһ
¿ˡ뷨ǺеģҲȥϺʵ

    żȻߵջȥһ쵽ˮϵľͷӡջ
ǰߣĺŸһֱߵջžͷջž
ͷԼܹŴšͽŴ֮ź嫵ĺˮ
֪ŴŲǽɫġ

֪һ·źȥľͷջʲôãֻ
һ羰ܹߵȥƺ˵һ羰
ܿʲôĹܿԡ

    ջһֱȥǾͿԲеɽɽȻƺҲûʲô
Ҫ


24


    20012³ģ˽ڡ˵Ҫ˽
öá

    е̵˵ʵڹڣһѸӷ
̻⺢ӴһӶܳ

    ˵Ժе̱ˡ   

    һŬѺ

    ˵˵˵㵹ǿȡ

    
3´źӻйѺðװֵġʱʼҲ
ƬˡƬﺢ񱻴ƵģԽԽ

ӤּһСǰûעڿ
Ƭ;þħһ

    죬ʹ˸ŴŦԼһΡ⼸
ţҲ·

ţ߸ˣҾ뿪һڣӦûʲô
Ͼһ׬Ǯڹֲ

    911˫ϡ˵Ǹ˻ѵʱ
˫¥ĸɴգʵǲпģʵǣҺ
ݵĵ̯˸աѡ顱ַصġ

    
25


    911֮Ͳˣȥһв͹򹤡һʼǶӣ
˳ʦ֣ٺ͵˳ʦѰĺӽ˹ʱѾ
ˡ

    ںӵĳ֤ġסһϣ˾д֡
⡣꺢ʱ˵Ϊ˺
ϻ𵽵һˡ

    
26 


    ԰ӣһֱûϵż绰
ϼ䣬һôһΡԼ˵֮
Ӵţûãϵ˵ó

Ů֮ǰ˵ʼ⺢Ӽֱ
һƥҰ˵ϣܰסˡҲûʲôæֻ
пյʱϵϵߺӶѧʲôоŮ
˵Ƕʦ޸ˡĶԶ
ν

    ת۵2016꣬ŮRachelѾ29ˣڼݵһҼ˾
Ȼһˡ¤񣬶ŮĲǳͷʹRachelԻ
ʹ׶Ѿ˵ĸĸȻʩѹRachel
ĸ׵̬ȱҪᶨ񶾵Ļ̼˵飬
֮ءRachelأȦ﷢ĶǸֳԺֵ״
ð

    ǸڹʶŮƺûн飬ҲһŮ
ŮɼԱߵһСǵMall￪һвstallŮ

    ϣܰȰȰRachel޵κ˿ȥȵģ
ӦܰRachel˵ڴѧ⺢Ҹʵˡκ˵Լڿ
в͹ݣڴѧ׳ţī͵ɿ͵ǲ٣ӦòԴ
СƢ

    ˵ϵµ°죬ǲ͹򹤵˶ʿʿ
٣Rachelϴѧʱв͹ء˻е
߼⣬˵RachelҲŮӶ˼ֺøУͳŸ
Rachel˸绰ȥ⺢ӻǵ˵ԴϴѧԺûټ
֪ϳʲôˡ

    һӲôˡ

Ƶշתĸ׵ָ͹Ц˵
һīô˵īСҲ٣ʱ˧൱̬




27 Rachel


    Rachelʮʱǰų͡Ǹ
Ůˡһ֣ݻϼҡRachelȥӡǸŮˡ
ڳڽӵ˴û֦չŮˣһĬĬߵͣ

    ֱɫİµϸʻ˽ȥְֵĳҪ
λãְҲһΣȥ
ǸŮˡ

ҷǳκ˵

ʱְֺ軹û顣ôŮ˻ϼңRachel
úܶˡ

ƺҫƵģǲĿǰӡ治֪
ôġ˵ʱRachelѾ30ˡ

ϵǶ߳ŷǳͬĸܡǰپöӾ
ɳܣھûʲôȶӸˡ񷴵һ
칫ﴵſյмֿɳܡ

Rachel˵˵ȫһƵϡ˵ѯʦͺܶ



˵ھְֱǸŮ˽ӵϼȥ
ϣź͡ǸŮˡסһӣǰҹǸŮˡ͵
͵ȥ賿ʱŻǸŮˡôǲ
ˡǿǷǳ¡ǸŮˡʵҲҴš
׵ȴĲšװ˿ˡ
һԹŮ

˵ǸŮˡڶͿԵһͿ˵˷ס
ôûء


28

    Rachel˵ϲֱһŮ׷üɹˣ׷
֣Ȼ˦ĵˡ

    Rachel˵иоģе˵ˡҲ
͡˵

˵Щʵͽкûио

˵ˣȻ˦һеġ

Rachel鳡ϵ۷֮һѻˣǸ˻֮


˵Ȼԭ䣬ҲȻ

һӣQQǩдǣRachel, the Touchstone.

һֱQQ͹ڵѱϵЩʱֵĴʻ㣬


    
29 β


    2009꣬ʮ꿪в͹ݣڼݿڻһСϡ

Сѧɼ㣬ϲԵҲͦáеĻ˼ҳһ
ͺȥѧ٣ȥѧӷǳκһ٣Ϊûٳܡ
ʱӰͽ˺Ʊһд˵ĳ嶯
ȥҪ£ֻЭ


    2010죬ѺӵСϰ̴ӳó׼͸һ
ѵĺáԺ˵ŹһȻٴ̶ˣ
The game is over.

    ӻȸԾڿ̻

    ﻺƮסGϵӽ̾Ϻҵػȥ
Ϊѡ

һˣǽǻӾ˷䡣

    ǽһƬ˽֤ţӵеΩһһ
ƬˡƬͷͷںڵһšһ˳
ƴ¡ҲӦûһƣԼΪڶ
Ϳˡںڵסü΢΢Щơǰʱ
֣վ̨յģֻɫҲǻƻɫȹ׵
ϴŴŵ¼߹ɫ¼Ǻټģȷе˵
ϸûɫ¼ʱš

ʮʱһƬƬĸ첲ģҲ
©һء鷿ǳǳĹҲԼʱƤְȻ
۵ɫʱѾЩˡӵӣ
Ƥֱý޶Ŀ

    ԼʮԺƬǮ

    һοƬʱ˵Ҳ족
֡

    Ƭı̨һСƬպһҬɫŨأ
ôϷĽڽ֮⡣

    ʮİ磬飬麣εĹۡ˭Ҳ
ûпֻĴۣе飬΢΢
Цš۾΢΢촽Ц

    Ԥϵ飬һ˲䣬΢΢¶Ц

    ʮʱҪǸŰļңĸ׺ĸףִġġ
ӲСɲͥ˵Death of a SalesmanȻôǿҵĹ
ȥһжѧǰڹݼΪ˱ˣ
ĻƱкһϾɣݷŦԼŦԼ֥Ӹ磬֥Ӹɵ
ǸССں嫵׵Ĵѧǡ˵ҲһĻƱ
һ˵ĸо

ƬɨԣŴ󡣷ŴֻһŴ˫֮
Գǳɫһ롣Ŵֻһ˫۾۾¶ɫ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ð

̡ܡ

1914꣬һսڽȫ1600ʧ
ȥսܵĵ¹˿ں;ܴڿѧҲͬˡ
ΪʱڿѧҪ֣һսڼλ½ҴӴҲû
жɽ

Ҳһս꣬¹һҵѧĽҽѧܿ
һƪС¿ԺͱĲԭ塱ġĿԺͱ˵
Ǹð

ĵֻһˣǵʱ¹ѧ΢ѧ߶ء
³˹Walter KruseڡȻʮǰѾΪ˽ڣȻ
һЩ˼ʵ顣һΣԸðȤ֪ǲĳֲ
ԭ嵼µļ

˵ĸðָͨððˡΪCatch a cold
һ֡йĴͳðǡ˷硱һ֣Ҳ
йءڹŴص䣬Ϊ͸ðϵУ
㷺صðԪס

³˹ȥоͨðǲһִȾǴ󵨻Ƕࣿ

о³˹һð˵ıӷҺռϡͺ͹
ϸٽֵ־Ըߵı֣Լ30%־Ըڽ֮
ļ֮ڵ˸ðдƪģΪ¸ðĿһֱ
ϸСĲԭ塣

״αðһִȾоûʲôע
еɿжйؼһӦһֻûдﵽƺշ
ı׼ƺշɵ¹ѧ޲ءƺ(Robert Koch) 19
һԭı׼еԭȻáҪ
˵ĵ㣺΢ڻϴڣ΢ܹʹ
΢˻òЩȾò˻
ٴη΢

Ϊһ΢ѧң³˹Ȼ֪ƺշ򣬶1900꣬
ɹط˵µ¹˾³˹֮ûҳ
¸ðĲԭ壬Ϊ޷ֱϸС΢

ȥظ³˹ʵ飬ȷظ
˵ܡֱ1923꣬Ҳǿ³˹Ŀʮ˷
ҽѧоʵҵİ˹(Olitsky)ʿŷ֤˵¸ðĲ
ԭĴڡ

ƪڡʵҽѧ־У˹óһϵҪ
֤ݣһͨð˵ıʷҺý˵øð˵ð
ɷҺĲԭ崫Ⱦģڶ˽Ӵ˵ıʷҪ
8-48СʱŻ֢״˵ԭһǱڣв
ͬð˵ıʷҺӵøð˵ԭֻȾ
˵ģģͨð˵ıʷҺϸ˵Ȼ˵
ð˵ԭϸС壬Ѹð˵ıʷҺ60
һСʱôͲ˸ð˵ԭ岻ȣ
Щֻûк͸ð˽ӴĲˣǵı
Һ˵øð˵ֻûе¸ðĲԭ塣

ڵ۹ϽǺײµ¸ðһֲ
ʱĿѧԲ֪ڻĳڣΪͨ΢¿
Ҳԣǰ˹ԼҲû뵽¸ðĲԭ
ǲ

ŦԼױǴѧĶȣDochezŶ
ϸ˽һĴ𰸡Ŷ20ͶʮһϵеĹ
ԸðоΪһϵеġǵоȷ˸
ðǴȾҲðҲԴ˴ɣˡǸðĲԭ
塱衣

ڿ³˹˹ͶЩѧʵ﷢ָðһִȾ
ʱЩҰвѧҲͬŬ˵
Ҫ΢һвѧҶʲôġ򵥵˵Ұ飬
ͨռطصݣӶо͸صĹϵ

ڸðΪȾµһ⣬вѧȥоأ

ʮ20ĩ˷о˹Smileʿ
ӶԼвѧооͰͨðΪоð
ȥԶ½һʥԼСʥԼһλڿ
ǹ͹ȴ죬½ܲ㡣Ϊָ룬
˿ޣоԱ׷ټĴȾ̡

ȴСϣðļԺط࣬
ļټ෢˺صİһľҲ
Ÿðԭ

˹ʿŶвȴ˲һķ֣ȣ
ϵ12·йһθð飬αĸԴ׷ٵ洬
½һλиðˮ仰˵θðһ
˴˵ġΣϵĸðֳһֲ̬ƣʱ
ڿռչ̬Ʋϡǲ򡱵˵Ϊ
µġǲôӦǲʱ䷢
Ⱥؽչ󣬴£ϵļͥһһȸð
ȻԱſʼòҲ֧ͨðǴȾ˵
ΪԭһǱڡ

1931꣬˹ŶӰвѧоˡʵҽѧ־ϣ
״δвѧĽǶ˵ðһɲԭ嵼µĴȾȻо
ΪðǴȾһ۵ṩвѧݣԶûһ
ͬڸðвѧоΪߵķ˸ӡ̡

ƪڡѧ־ϵǱޣPaul˹
PreeseǵλڱȦڵ˹ƥĲ֮ѡŲ
СðвоΪĸðһص㣺ļ
ȴ١һ쳣˶ԸðĹϵ˻ɣҲ
вѧҵĵ

ͨܵвѧ飬޺˹ҵеܣÿ£
ĵһҴŻֻ˻˸ðԭ塣
ȵһһҴʮ·뿪ԺСĶйһ
״ָ̬Ҳͬðԭ֮⣬촫Ĳԭ
Ժ󣬸ðķҲֹˡ

ԣŲ˹ƥĲϵ˵ðĲ
һִдȾԵĲԭ塣

ˣʵҵовѧ֤ÿѧһֹʶðһ
ȾôֵͨðĲԭʲô?

ڿѧϣֻǵһ֤ǸҪ顣Ҫ֤
ǵ¸ðԪסһ裬ҪϿƺշ2030һ
ЩѾ롢ͼ˳в1933Ӣ
ѧҰ³˹AndrewesʿͣLaidlawʿŶӷֺ
˳

Щ˵Ĺڲļ״ðǲµġ
һĶȿϣױǴѧŶӳŴӸð
ıǻҺ벡ȻڴҳǸصĸðԭ塣

ȵŶӵȷӸð˲ʾܹý
˻ϸðҲúм֯ҺòֳЩ
ֳĲҲһ²ԡǣĲ
ܲȶɥʧǵ²ԣǵķȻûдﵽƺշ
Ҫûм¸ðĲ

1936ꡣ󲻾ãڶսˡ

ս1946꣬ӢλϲȲSalisburyĽĹ
ҽԺｨһСͨðоĻרŴ¸ðо
εģǷвӢѧҰ³˹ʿ

Ϊڷֲгɹİ³˹Ŀ֮һѰ
ͨðźǣĳҲͬ˵ɹ1950꣬³˹
ġӢҽѧ־ϻعԸðоĹµıǡͨ
ð֮աһ̫ѧе㡰աı⡣дҲܸԣЩ
ѧɢġ

³˹ڼðϵʧܣԭͶȵĲ࣬
ȶ²ԵĸðвܸȾֲͬͨð
ֻܸȾˣѡʺǵϸϵüѡû
һʵϵòȶֳӶ޷һ


⻹ڼ󱻹ˡ

Լս˹ѧ˹١˹Winston 
Price1956꣬˹ԷһƪģӸð˵ıǻҺ
һֽ J.H. Ĳһ1957꣬˹ٴһڡ
ѧԺԺϷģ֤J.H.˻øð֢״
Щַ˿ƺշ򣬸ðҲ˹ͼ
ˡ˹֮ܳɹжԵĸðΪʵ
˺ӺϸһʺϸðĲϡ

ѧҽһ֪ J.H. Ǳǲһ֡ٺԽԽ
ĵ¸ðĲ˳֪ٶֲܹ¸ð
ҲϵͳԶԸҪԭǾð
ǱǲԼ50%ĸðɱǲµģ

Ȼǵ¸ðԪףǡ͸ðʲôϵأ

Ҷϰոðɲµģ͡ûйϵ
ôû˻һ۵㡣ʹǰͬĹ۵߿ѧңҲ
˵ֽôȻǵ¸ðҪԪףǷǸð
һأ

ȳģǸιҽԺðоεİ³
˹ʿ

λӢĹҽԺǶսʱģԺĳо
սը׳ֵ顣ڶսͨðоҽ
ԺλӢϲ Salisbury Ľ׶нٹһƫƧĵط
ҲΪƫƧоȾڡ

˵ģͨðֻ˴ˣʵҪ־Ըߡ
ΪðͨӴͿ־ԸҪϸر롣Ϊ־
Ըߣ³˹ʿŶӲΪ־Ը߱÷ú͹ѳס
ṩһЩ㻨ǮңΪȷ־ԸʱûбȾðÿ
һλ־Ը߶Ҫ֮۲죬ûгָð֢״˲Ż
ʵ顣ԣȻðǸСоȴܲˡ

ΪоԸðӰ죬һ18֮ǰûбȾ־Ը߱ƽ
ֳ顣

һ־Ը߱ȽϵùΪǱˡ顱Ϊ˴ﵽ
ЧҪһˮ裬Ȼûиɵ·ͨĵطϰС
ʱǴܲΪֹ⻹꣬ǻҪϼСʱ
ʪӡΪ֡ŰĽǵ¶ȶ½˺üȣ
ùǺڶ־ԸȻðҲòȥΪǱ
Ⱦ顱˾ϡ˵ĸð˱ǻķҺܵ
+Ⱦ顱ǼҪҪܸð˵ıǻҺ

֮ʵͼˣҿȥͦ˼

顱û˸ðǰ³˹Ԥ֮еģðķв
ڲСð³˹Ȥǵڶ͵֮Ĳ𣺡Ⱦ顱2
˵øð+Ⱦ顱4˸ð

ĽȻ˸ðȴܰðķ
һܳôȷϵʱѧΪðɲµĽۣ
ҲΪ͸ðصĹ۵㣬νȫѧҲ
ֳĽ³˹ʿǼ˹ʵ飬Ƹ־
Ը߲ڴÿظһȷ֮ǰķ֣Ӷ
ϸһϽĿѧۡ

εĽȴЩʧ顱û˵øðû⡣
ǡȾ顱͡+Ⱦ顱Ľպú͵һεʵ෴
Ⱦ顱øðȡ+Ⱦ顱Ҫࡣ

ʵĽϲһ𣬰³˹õĽۣ
˵øðҲðķ

ûвĽаʵɱð³˹Ŷӷ
ϵĽһֻ̽һðĳ
ۡΪʹõ־Ըߵƫ٣һ۲ÿѧŷ
ܵõĳϡ

ȻҪ͸ðĹϵҪһʵ顣

ŵݴѧҽѧԺĵ֣DowlingŶӿչ
һģʵ飬ļ662־Ըߡ֮ļô
ˣΪ־Ը߶ҽѧԺѧʡȥ˲úס޵ĳɱȻҲ
ζЩ־Ըߺѵõϸĸ룬ǵʵҲ΢һЩ

ǰ־Ը߷ֳ飬顱͡顱˼־ԸǷ
˸ð˵ıǻҺȻÿֳַС飬ܲͬʵ
¶ȵĿ飬ֱǣ飬־Ըֻ26϶ȡ30%ʪ
´4Сʱ飬־Ըֻ15϶ȡ80%ʪ´
4Сʱ飬־Ըߴް12϶ȡ80%ʪ´
Сʱ

ģʵ鷢ʲôأ

˵Щûбָð˷Һ־Ըߡ顢
顢ĸðʷֱ16%7%7%
ˣЩ˲ûбָðΪʲôøðʵԭ򲻸ӣ
Ϊûбǰ룬ʵǰнӴðĻᣬȻ
ʽǰȾˡһ顱øðĸʣ7%
ȡ顱ģ16%һЩȻЩϣȫΪ
ġ־ԸʵǰӴ˸ð

Ľص㣬Ϊܹעǽ˸ð˱ǻҺ
־ԸߣҪǵĸð֣Щֵ־Ը
顢顢ĸðʷֱ36% 32% 
39%Ҳ˵˸ð־Ըߵϸðı
࣬Ըðûаá

1958ֵ꣬ŶӷоĽ

˵ģоĽÿѧԡ͸ð޹ءһ۵
ȻɵĻôʮһմѧҽѧԺ˹Douglas
ŶڡӢҽѧ־Ϸĵо״ǡΪǷ
֣ڽ˱ǲȾ־ԸУ顱͡顱ĸð
Ҳû

Ӵˣ͸ð޹ءΪ˿ѧ۵㣬Ҳû
ȥоֱʮ͡

2002꣬ӢϷѧѧ߰ϣ˹Eccles ڡǿѧ־
һƪ¡ܽǰйء͸ðĹϵһ
ȻָЩоһ⣬֮ǰо߶ǰѸð
ֵ־ԸϣûģȻȾоĽ
ܻЩ⡣ͬʱϣ˹ᵽʵһڱðȾ
ֻ͵˲Żò˵¶ȼ罵£˵ı
ǻϺѪ󣬰ϣ˹һήӶ
ٽðļ裺ӺϺѪܻή
ϸϺӶӰϵͳԸðٽ
ðķ

ȥҲ߼

ȻΪѧҵİϣ˹ֻ˵Ҫʵȥ֤Լ
衣2005꣬Լʵ˳оϣ˹ļ
180־ԸߡΪҪ֤ǡή˵ӶЩ
Ȼ¸Ⱦ˸ð˳֢״ķաһ裬ûи־Ը
κβֻذ־Ը߷ֳ飺顱90ҪЬ
װ10϶ȵˮ20ӣ顱90־ԸЬ
ûˮ

ϣ˹ʵõĽ顱9013֮
ļڵ˸ð顱90ֻ5
ȷ顱ȡ顱׸ðҴͳѧ˵ҲѾ

Ҫһǣⲻһ˫äʵ顣ֻһܼ򵥵Ĺ۲죬û
оͳƵĽҲֻǸոմﵽˮƽƽ˵ʵ
ȻṩһЩ֤ݣŷҪһϵóһ
ĽۣʵҪظʵû
ȥ֤ʵķ֣ϣ˹Լ

ԣͨúѪӶ˴ٽð
Ĺ۵㻹Ƕֻۣ˵ǿܡðǸС˶оԱ
ȤҲͱˡֱʮ2015꣬Ү³ѧ
飨IwasakiŶѧԺԺϷһƪģá
ֳΪ˻⡣

ôŶӵ׷ʲôأҪ˵Ƿָð33
37ȸںƤϸҪԭ򡣿ѧ綼֪ð
33øһЩʵҲΪʲôϺȾֳ
ɣϺ¶Ϊ33-35ȣеԭһֱŶӵ
֣33ȵ£ƤϸԸðˣ˵
ֿĸصĲˣԲܹܺõЩϸﷱֳ
仰˵Ϻĵ»ήƤϸԸðӶ
Ӹðķա

оһһЩʿͶĽԽ˶
ðӶշðķĽ˵ȫԣ
ǿΪںһʱ򣬴ҶҪ
ġԣһΪʲôļ׸ð
ӺʣǷϵǲ

1914¹³˹״ηָðܴȾڣһٶȥˡ
ĸݡ͸ðĹϵȥһı仯Ǿ
ź˿Щ˿΢ڣѧðĹϵ
ͨðɸðµļϺȾĻܴ
ðķͨǿʱӲȾĻᡢͺ
ϸԲȣ͸ð޹ء

γ˺ܶࡰʶΪЩʶֻ
ھĻγɵģĴڣҪЩʶĺ
ҪÿѧķȥоðĹϵһӡ


 ʽʷ




һԭס˵ĺūó
ײк˷޴½ǧˡñйŽѻ
Ƭйˡ

˵ţͼʷлͶ

˶ٴΣҪСػش

    ˵ʱһ˰ɣǺ˲ҲһԹ
ܱ̲شӻƺӸŵô
ȥԽ˺йܱʷôˣ

ǺһūƣŴи̵ּ˼ᡢץ׳
Ҷū澣Ȼһ޶檡ǧôģǶˡӡ
ͷǰȥйūв˵ֱ̫࣬ĩ
ū󡣡

ôҼǵūƶʼϳģйϳģôǵ
ŮƽȨҲģôǵĹй

ڶӣô°ѡѡͳ

Ŵŷмҵֳ¾ԭסû͸ʱÿ
Ҳڲץܱ߲Ѫһ̡ǵϱڻǧԭ
סǲûб尡޼ҺǹǸҲ
ر𱣻ߡ

ЩҲʵ𣿡

˵ģÿοԷȻӣҲ֪һЩ˵
ûãҸоԼֻǱܵڻ졣

ǰҴ֪ǾȻôĻ˶һֳʷ
ôŨȤֻϣʱмհİŶ
̸ҹޡ

Kopitiam䱾ȵ꣩Щ΢ֱ곤һ
ЩҲһᵽ޻һᵽʷͷ߬еıֽ
ͻδʱǷ ܣδѩӺޣʱ𡱣ʲ
ô ׳־ͺ²⣬Ц̸ūѪơŵֻҵͷ档

Ļ겻֪ʲôʱʼǻо֮йƻģ
øֳϡ

ΪһظӦͬ⣬ɴһ԰Щ
塣

ǰŷ뱻ֳ߹ϵıǣǿô
ݾڱȽӲ˵ˡ

ǽɡɱˡ͡˶ҡӽ֮
µʷģʽɣôͬ߼ؿǼй
ʲô

ô1492ײִ´½1900ǶδԼİʱȵ
ʷɡһİ귢ԭӡȽ̵¼
Ÿһ¡

ڸײ´½ͬһ꣬ʱֵйĺꡣ
׳壬Ϊܲ˺ӡǿ˰ͷ۵
ѹȣһһٶ塣ǱѪѹʮ
ղ¾

רбҶ˵ںͶɱ¾Խδ
ͣǰļʮ꣬Ϊĸغ˿ڣϳ
Ϸ˾Ȩ

ֻϷ壬ζԱŮˣҲǺ
ˣйεĴģɱ

ɱ壬ĩ󼢻ĺԳ塣ɱˣйʮ
սعƣǧ

Ȼ1645֮꣬ǰɱ˼꣬ͬҲǡˡʮ
˱ɽأԺ˽в˵ļ°ӣɱǡ
νġζɱʮա֮Ĵɱȵȡ
սֲǧ

1755꣬Ǭ¡׼䣬ս°ʮ

䣨1851̫꣩ƽ壬ʷҵս
Ŀͼ壬ֻάʮ壬٣عһһ
ǧҲвйڵѧ߹ƣڡ

˵ģֻȫ򻯵Ĵ󺽺ʱİ䣬л
һɱ¾

ˡֱѷˣʲôսһսսս
ʿܺҲһǧˣƽ˾ǧ

⣻ǷҪǰġۡ
⣬˵ŴˡŷǷǵɱ¾һ񣬶
ֹȥǿԷӳ˵ġ

ôŴйˡɱ壬Լ˶ɱɱø
ǲҲ֤˽й˸Ұбأ

԰ɣùɿԽ˵ĳӣΪ˭ĺô
˼

⻹ֻŵġйաĽǶ

ٽһø˵ġɫ塱ᳫġ
ۡ߼ؿνˡʷôͻøˡ

˾Ǩдġʷ.ūдأ ūĺ֮
Ҳ 

νĺ˺ūˡͻˡɹˣб壬
ϼͬͬԴͬһ壬ᳫġɫۡ
ǡˡ

ô˵ˡǶǵָǲ
Ҳͬ߼ֱ׳Ļ˵

ǻˣɹˣжӡȺŷޣɱӣ
Ĺҡ

ǻȹŷ޴˺˳1/3 ŷ˿ڣ
ǧ޹ŷˡ

ǻ˰ˣŷޣɱˣ
ŷ

ǻ˲ѵףҰһȺˡ

ҪǣҲǻʷʵҲûɣ
ֻһߵĹ¾ͻƫ

㿴ĳЩܰ˵壬֮
ʶǻʵһʶ쳣ŨҵȺ塣

Թл嶼Ǵ۹⿴ܱġνġ
ġġ֡ңҰ˾ǹ棬Ծˡ
˽ӣձҲйӡ

㵽˽죬ǶӵĳЩˣЩ˺ü
ôԴأСطūĦ޲桱
ӡݱڹ

ǰġۡ߼ƣǶһͬɫȺ
ͳ֮һŶۣҶʷε׷Ҳݵȥ׷ô
ȫҲóԹ˾ǡ塱˱Ȱ
˸ҰĽۣ԰ɣ

ȻǲǾӦȺᳫҲҪȥ
סޣȥԼԼҶԼҪ

˵ӦȥӺ׷ٶǰ˶ԭסɱ
ôΪֲȥ׷һٶǳһڶй˲Ľ
ͼˣȥ׷ٶǰ˶Ǻ˵ɱҲڵһ
ʹأ

Ȼǲôģʵ֪ʷӽǺ޻
ѵǻڽϿձ˾ǰһ٣Ϊй

˵˼ȵǷսأοʮ˴սҲ
˵սɣ

˵ҷɱˣѵڷͥ˵ڳķ
ŵ˵ɱˣԴ֤ɱ˾

˭֪ȫ׵ʷ߼ܷ֮ı޷Ǿ
ĳЩȨϣ͸ý壬ԼĶУԴ
ǲɸ˵ܶ

˵ô࣬Ҫߴй˻ǻ˸ϣø
ʷʵƽͼǵ֪ƫִһ֪

޷òͬʷȽϣԴͼԼǰ
⡣ڵǻġ

ʱ֮ĵʱĸ嶼һб
ǶһǶһǶһҪ˵顣

ΪȥǼǧ꣬ȫ඼Ұ̫ĿѺ
ǲҪǿɵϴ

ҲΪʲôȨɡЩֵԴϷ
ѷǴһؤ˵ģӰִ
δҪԡΪǳԽҡڽ塢ںϵһ
ֵۡ 

ÿֵͬ۵ĹңһŬڡԵ˽
ìܡ͡ͳϰס£ȨΡ
ƽȡɡ͸ķս˵ǰС

ȥһٶʷѾ֤ˣЩֵ۵£ǻ
ǻġ

Ҽǵķ³˹ݵġʿⲿӰ˵ձ
άʱĹ¡¿ƪȾ͸ǵʹ䣬ȥʹڶ
޴½ԭסɱ¾

µߣȻվȽȥձ
ͳʿ׼ҰձʿӪȥܣͽǧʿ
Ҿǻۡ

ŷҶҾͷʡĵĵӰִ˲ˣǽ
жԺɱƵķʡ

ǰЩڰ˹ӵԻϣ䲼ֿϵһλ

ʱܴ᷸˲Գʵ
͸̬ЩսǺԻЩ󡢻߼װЩ
ڡЩʱʹࡢѿÿξ鶼øǿú
Žᡣ

˼ӭͷϴʾ±¶ԼߣҲûʮ
ݵɿޣԴΰȷš

ǿԾòֿ㣬ĶֺγǣֻһȽϣ
С۵ıϾһ⣻Ҫڹȥķպͳޣ
Ҫǰ

ƪдһλʱϲʷѧң
ҲǶӰ̵֮һǵڡĹ¡һ˵
һλ

㳤˲šʱĳЩ
ĶӼ֤һɲġЩ˵Ļ㲻Ҫ̫档


͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ӾĹ£ʮһʮ

ʡ

ʮһĩƵԭ 

    صûþͽӵ¬ɪš¬ɪļҳƵظ߲
Ҫ뿪ˡڵǹˣ⡣ϣҵһ߱
ˡ̾˵ʦû˵֮⡣

    ʱڸ籾ѧνʦְҪǸҽѧͨΡ
úģȡһϯλȻ¬ɪǿƼźͱУͬ
еһ֧֣һʱỹǿɼ

    ǣһ٣19149ЯͬӼٶ
˹أ¬ɪʵְȴѾ˷ǡ

    ǰ¬ɪΪĳɾͻӢʿλһսʼ
ľ̽ǱˮͧľĿϣϾٹ˼ѧо
ʵҲĿȫǡЩԸصȫʧȥӰǸΪ¹Ķ
սЧѾξѧҲLawrence Bragg쵼о
ͨзȷصķλ׿гЧ

    սʱĪ˹ڰĴǿᡢȼ١跨عȥѵ
ţѧְλ岻ݴǵءӡ鵣ͨѶ1915810գ
սõ绰ѶϢʱѻֻͷʱ27ꡣ

    ڿѧ䶯¬ɪڡȻ־Ϸƪ棬
Ī˹ΪټʵѧҡĪ˹Ĺ֮¬ɪ
ʹĵָؽ˲ǰ߳䵱ͨʿǹұ磨
ܴӰ죬Ӣ޸йߣ˰Ҳ׫дʣ
߽ӵָһʧ֤ⳡսĻƺ

    19141915ŵѧڸ˵¹ͶӢĲ
ĸסǶΪXɢʵĳɹýX֤ԭģ
͵Ī˹ǰѱϻС

    һֻԹۣκй
же˸Ľѧ񣬾Ϊؼоԭӡ
ģ֮¬ɪĩƵ˶桢ڴؿǷٽһ
͹иһİأνġϸṹfine structure



    1887̫꣬ͨܲڵ˶ѷĪͬʱҲ棬
ľǿԭЩʵһߡϸ
طֱ棬һʵһϸɡΪǵʵ飬˶
ѷ1907ŵһߡ

    Ժ󣬺Pieter Zeeman·֣ڴųв
һЩԭӵĹ߻ᡰѡϸߡĵʦȺܿݾ
˽͡ΪЧӦ1902ŵ

    ȵֻڴųã޷ԭ߱ľϸṹ
ͬʱҲ糡ԭӵ̫ƵЧʮ˹
1913귢ֵ糡ԭӵĹʵҲѣ۲˹
1919Ϊ˹ЧӦõŵ

    ȻԭģͲֻԵϵУҲҪܽЩ
ϸṹԴԽȵľۡΣһĪչʼûҵ
ͷģУߵƵЩ˴˷
룬Ȼ޷ôܳ쳣ӽ΢Ƶ
ʡ

    ȥˡȻֻһ٣1916ʱ˹ءʱ
Ϣ籾ѧΪרһϯλǣ
ӴظûãյĩƴĽڼġ

    ĩѾ48꣬ʼһڵСûеȵĽչ
Ϊѧϼ򻯣ĵӹǱ׼ԲΡֻһ뾶
ĩΪһҲһԲϹתԲι
ͬĽǶ㲣Բ࣬һһҳԲ
˰뾶СһƫƫԲεĳ̶ȡƫΪ
ԲԲΣƫԽԲ״ͱԽƽ

    ໥һͬص㡣Բеĵӻ
ͬӦԲι졣ĩʶǲͬ
ĹתٶȽӽ٣ҪЧӦͬƫʵԲϵ
ٶȻ仯Ҳв졣ʹͬСԲ
ϵӵҲϸ΢Ĳ𡣵һӷֱЩһԾ
ǨʱҲ᲻ͬĹƵҲ֮ϸ΢ƫ
ԭеľϸṹ

    ȻĩƵļ㾫ȷظԭӹ׵Ĳݡ˷
ϸṹҪҪڼʮ㷺ע⡣

    ̫ϵǹͬһƽϣԴתƵĶ
ѧĩƾõԭӺ˵ĹûԴûбҪһ
ƽ档ǿǡ塱ģвͬĿռȡΪԳԣͬԲ
ڲͬȡͬȻص¹߷ѡһ
ų糡ԳԾͻᱻƻΪͬȡĹϵӵ糡
ųĽǶȲͬϵĲ졣ؽЧӦ
˹ЧӦ

    Ǽ򵥵ԭģĩһӱ÷ḻʡԭֻһ
ʾĹܼҪֱʶĴСƫʺͽǶȡ
Ҳǵӹ˶ͬɶȡֵȫȷһӵĹ
ǱΪӹġquantum number

    ԭӾϸṹ˹ЧӦĳɹ˲ԭģ͵
֮۱Ϊܣٱɡʽس
Ϊ-ĩģ͡ʱֱӽĩģ͡



    ڰֵİ˹̹ҲյĩƼġ˷ܵػűʾݶ
ƪְҵġΪĵľδ뵽۾Ȼ
۲ɼ΢ԭзãӵĸ϶ؽʵ


    ĩлǷҪǹ˹̹֪ǿ
ȫԲơˣ˹̹һۿĩģеһ֮
19175·ĳʵƹĩƵۻƪڵʱδ
ע50ű·֣Ϊӻۣquantum chaotic 
theoryĿˡ

    һսǶԶڸ¥鷿еİ˹̹뿪רֺ
ɾ͵ʱ⡣19151119172µһ࣬ͷ15ƪѧģ
һ۵ר˹ۣ
ģִͣѧġͱĹ£֮һ˹
̹е泣һȷͬʱӵͶ
ԣòԭģʹԭƵʿ˶ɣִ
ѧҰ

    ڼ䣬ʿͺӺͽǮͨвϵ

    սڵĽڽʧ¹ھñȫ񼢻ġֻ
ܲա˹̹ʩ߱ũݺʿѾ
ʼʳӼãûֱܼвӹ÷ǳ⡣
ͷо֮࣬ûһɡ19172£38İ˹̹ھ
ҵĸʹвڼ25ΣԼ
ǰ֢Ѿʱ۱ο

    õĲǲ֢֮صĸΡθͽʯɯͦ
ŽᵽԼڵһ乫Ԣÿ쾫Ϊṩҽɿڵ
ʳĵ˹̹𽥻ָ˽

    ӵıī˾ȴȻճ־áƣİ˹̹Թ֪ҵս
͸˵ĻһȽûԤϵ𰸻Ǽͬʱ

    19181111գŷʵȫͣ1223գ˹̹ڰֵķͥ
̹Լڳ죬ͬ룬ķΪ˵õ
׿ϣӦ֧Լʵ70%ΪѣŵԼõ
ŵȫתͺǣʱŵĽǲ
Ƶн17ʣǻڶͨ±һǮֵĵ¹
ˣ

    òװ˻İ˹̹ԸٶȸԼϼ
סɯĸѹٽȻЭ涨
ڲٻ顣ɯ20ĴŮΰ˹̹顣һԼ
˵˽ɫ˰˹̹ǰ顣
ĹҲǿѨ磬ֻǹ֤

    սܺĵ¹ǧٿףʧȥ˿ںʹ˹ص
ɳʿ˵Ĵսڷ²Ҵ档
Ϊ֢ɷڻѧеĽɫǹɱǵһӺҲɱˣ
֮ΪЧңսʱӮ1918ŵѧ



    ΪûоսĻŷ޴½սµƽϢѾ
еĴѧϯλһ롣

    Ȼ¬ɪֻȲ14꣬¬ɪΪʦȸ¬
ɪ˹صʵǲΪĽʥءԶһȺ
ˡԺѧ߼ͥĴģдͳĹ֮Ҳ
ײӵܡŲͬĹҡĻƶλ
ࡣǸʵ¬ɪ߿ɤšˬʵĴЦУǱ˴û
ҡҺгദЭһһпѧİأѰһͻơ

    ͳϣ¹ӢŷĿѧģشŷĵڻ
֮ءĲҪı棬ڼżķʽһͬĿ
ѧ԰ع֮һֱΪ˻˵

    ĩƵʱ򡣲밮˹̹һػ裬ļ
һĩƵĳɹ˲ԭģ͵ļֵĹ
һ¥ǿĶ磬ɹػѧУ׼˵
̣ӮüʿĴԴľ޽һ籾ѧ
о

    Ϊ룬ѾѪͿ࣬оĴ¥
ĵĹһʱظı⣬壬ڽ
һࡣֱ1921ʽͶʹá

    ƵĴ¥Ĳ㣬ȻǺܴȫ͹
ѾӣһĿס¥ڵһ乫Ԣ¥ϻż
СԢõıʹáֱΪ칫ҡʵңһС
ɵͼݡ¥ڻһƹ̨ᰮ˶ĲҲƹҺ֡ᾭ
֣׾ٵػܼеˡ

    ΪĻһݽʽĻҡ֮ļʮ֪δ
δܳѧҽԼۡ´ܲ
רҵļġС

    ´¥ʽƴһʼͱ˺ԣǱ㷺еس
о1965꣬ΪѾȥĲ80оʽΪ
˹о



    о֮ǰѾ1919ĩ籾ʡѧ
һȻļ򵥾ٶڵʱȴ塣

    սŷս󶼶Ե¹ȡ˹ߡʹѧ
磬¹ѧϵҲϱжϡΪԱûи
ЭָѧΪΡĩƳΪսӵ⽲ѧ
ĵ¹ѧ֮һ

    Ҳ˰˹̹ע⡣λδı桢ۺ
ϵĵꡣʿ벣ʰ֣򿪹ͨ

    1920427գΪŶе㷲Ĳ˻֣
վ̨ʿ˺Ͱ˹̹ӵʼٸߡ΢Ц֡

ʮ͢Ĳ

    1919ף¹ġֻ԰˹̹ĴФ棬Ϊ
ʷϵȻۿᣨNicolaus Copernicus
գJohannes Keplerţٱȼ硱

    ӢȵһսеĵжԹҲ󡣼дС
Է¡ͨλѧҡ

    սһˣӢѧҰ٣Arthur Eddingtonոչ
ǰԶϰ۲ȫʳƬ֤˰˹̹ڹ
۵Ԥ⣺ᵼ¹ߵķɭʿ˼ʷ
ΰɾ֮һ

    һʱ䣬רİ˹̹ΪȫѧңԽ
ȡʿ˵صĳ¬ɪ˵ͬӢʷ
еľ뢡

    սʧܡñӰУһеĿõ¹ܡԺ
ĺϢ䣬˹̹Ϊһ޶ĹӢۡ



    ⳡý籩ºִֵġڵһμʿ˺Ͱ
˹̹ǰΪĽ³֮ʱɢΪ
˴վ̨ϱչֹۣ̼òñ顣
    ʿ˼ޣҲ˹̹͡ڰִѧһ
ѧ棬ĩơԭģ͡ڽͨԾǨ
աŲʱ̸̶ֻ漰Ǳջ
ĵŲıʡ̨¾İ˹̹Ц

    ¹ѧϸĵȼ̨¿ǰλΪڡʦר
ѧֻܼλ͹ĵﲻ飬Ҳ¬ɪ
ˬʵĴɤţزԴǡѧǱԹѹûڽ̨ϵ
졣벣רſСֹʦ롣Ȼܣ
һ𹲶ڰһ

    վ̨ϵһʱ˹̹41꣬35ꡣѾ
İ˹̹ڲûʲôرֻΪѧҴ絽ϵر
šѾϤ˰˹̹ԭģͻϷչķۣʾ
ԷܼΪ̾ûнеĹӸʿһ
£ֵաľǡҲֻǡ˹Τľ
Ųֻʽķݶ

    Ҳ޷Ⱞ˹̹ΪʲôԼʾԷе
ô硣ڲһȻûҪС֡

    ˭Ҳû˵Էڵʱϵ⽫Ϊδ
ʮ꾭òϢִǶȷţԷݡĵǿԽ
һӵĺѡ



    񼸺һ˹̹ͷϻʱԹΪķա
ʵϣ൱ӭϡµһͷҷ
߷װɡߵ΢ЦʱðĿڲŶ봫ͳ
ĵ¹ѧྶͥǴͳָ׷

    ˹̹鷳ֻڷǱְ̫ʱ;
ʢҲΪһӡ

    19208£һ³ֵ֯İְдᣬ
˹̹Ϊġ̫ѧά¹ѧĴԡĶ
˹̹ȫۣͬʱҲָϮԡ

    ;˹̹˹صͬ³ڻ᳡һ
Ȥ˶Ĺ

    º˹ء³˹ͶΪ˹̹绤˹̹
ҲдһƪԱ硱ܿڽһִе֮ķӦ
λѧҡŵ߱ǰ̨

    1905꣬ڰ˹̹Ӹ͹ЧӦ֮󣬷ָЧӦRɵ
׻ŵȻİ˹̹ΪRɵµʵϲ񣨳
ԽŮδеĵǣʮлû档

    ˵ĵһμ1920923յĵ¹ѧϡû֣
ûֱӶԻĻ鰲һ֮ıۣɵ¸ص
ʿ֡ΪʵѧңRɵ۵¹Ĳ֮
˹̹ԡҲʱǨԵ۱¡
ŭİ˹̹Ƣ֮ʣʿ˼ʱֹ˱ָۣۻû
еľʱ䡣

    RɵվͬһսߵĻ˹ˡ꣬˹ǰ˹̹
Ψһ֧ߣҲΪרеṩһְˡʱ
˹̹Ϊнûнܡ

    ڶѽȡΪԭӹڵ糡зѵ˹ЧӦ
ŵ˹RɵһѾǵ¹ѧľӢ

    ʢ͹֮£˹̹һ̬רע
磬ԼΪ̫˵ݡŬΪ̫ж
ΪɫеһͳκChaim Weizmannﻯѧҳ
˹ؿʱ¬ɪĺѣȥĳ֮ʱ˹
̹ѡͬµһ·ԣӦκ

    ʱ83άڻָսϵ1921е
ά顣û¹ѧңֻΪ˹̹˸Ѿ
İ˹̹ΪҪȥֻûؾΪָ˹̹
׷һΪ¹ѧȡʽĻᡣ˹̹ʾǿ
Ե¹ѧҵĵơ

    192142գ˹̹ͰɯŦԼǻû´
ӵϵļ߰ΧڼװһϵƬ洺ڴ
Ҿ˼дᡣ

    ǰ˹̹һ̤´½µгУѲط˶
С֮ܵǰĻӭܶרΪʢ
䡣׶ʢ֮ʣԺרž˹۵ıۣ
ԺΪǷ񽫶۵Ľ¼òɿ˹̹
õͳWarren HardingĽӼŦԼʱ漴ͷͷ
ͳԼ˹̹ۡ

    ˹ٴѧһ˹̹ûнѧ
ĽɫΪκǵ̫ˡΪҮ·佨ϣ
ѧȺȻòһһ
ߡڽͷ˼ۡӢǿöİɯݡ
˵۰˹̹Ͷٱ飬ûŪۡҸ˵
ڱҪԡ

    ȻƺƴκֻＯ75ԪԶİĿꡣ



    1919ףŰ˹̹ȫý磬ʿڱֽϷ
ָֻҪ¹ĿѧǰһͲ¹ᱻ
޳սܺĸ˽ĿѧĻͳ

    ͢ǵ¹вĴͳѧǣҲһֵ¹ѧĻڡ
ĵĻƽ𼾽ڡ1920ǿʼһ´ͳÿ
ٰ조ʺ¶ڡݺ¶George Handelĸ͹ŵ
Ϊһʢ¡

    ϵĸ͢ѧҲǵ¹ѧġй˹Carl Gauss
Bernhard Riemann20ͳ밮˹̹չѰٹ
۳̾ϣأDavid Hilbert

    ϵ첻Ĳս֮ʣ͢
ʣɹ˵оصתۡս󣬲ĵλ
1921һνӵά룬Ϊ۲òȱϯָ
ӵţ1922ٵ͢Ϊһܵѧ
ʡΡ岻ݴǡ

    Ȼĵ¹ѧԲõļͺ¶֡
ڸ͢ĵλʮֱȫصڡѧҲ׷׸
ʢǰԼϲڡ

    ڸ籾ĵһѧֿOskar KleinԶ
ѧҰɭCarl OseenҲˡ

    ÿһεĽУϵͳزӹԭģͣ
˳Խԭӹ׷½չ

    Ȼ¬ɪʵطͬλͷûʧȥԪڱ
Ȥԭģ˼·жԭӵĴСͬԪԭӵĴ
СֳڱԣСǷֱֻһӵ⡢
ǴСࣻӵԭӱǶһЩ߸Ԫ
ǲСֱ11ִһءȵȡ

    Դһǳ򵥡ȻĽͣԭӵĴСǵռݵ
İ뾶Ҫ͵ڲٴһ¹涨
ɵĵĿ޵ġ͵ĵһֻӣ
ڶֻ8ӣ18

    ͺĵӶͬһϣǴСࡣ﮵ֻ
Ǹ͹ϣһӱռݵڶԴһЩͬ
﮵ʣֶǲСΪĵӶͬĵڶϡ
ֱԭֶһòռݵĵӡ

    ΪĲУ۽ԭӵġǲģ͡
ԪڱкԣΪڱС塱ϵԭӾ߱
ƵĻѧṩ˽ͣͬһԭϵĵ״̬һģ
ԪصĻѧʡ⡢ﮡɵ϶ֻһ
ӣ쳣Ծڱĵһеġ෴
öǹռ˷ǳȶڱһеġ
塱

    ԪڱԭɴˣѧľѧĻ

    ˹̹Ͷģһξֱ̾漣
˼ά¡



    ͢ĲʵȻԶԶûа˹̹ԭģ
ϵĳɾ͡100üһõѧڰ˹
̹ۡ塢ݵ۹ʦķɣ۾
ÿһڳݲ塢Ͱ͵졣

    ŵĳڵĽϱһгơò
ѯǷʱŵ˾ʡڽ
Ⱥĵ¹δŵľٶӵĴǲòתͷ
ǿһĿİ꣬еͱ˵˲⣺
ģе˶Ƶ䡢յŲƵʺ޹ⱳ
ʲôģܽԭӡӵĹףǶֻһӡ
иӵԭӹ

    ҲΪ졣֪ķȴҲ޷شֻø
ģɵӦ˳档ҵǸС֪꣬
ĽĺɭWerner Heisenbergӡ͢
֮ǰնһƪġ

    ɭֻһѧ꼶ıѾĽڴѧĩ
С͢ĩƵĸУϸѧѵ¼ʵѧ
Ϊ˲ڣΪ˳Ʊʢ١ɭ
֮һ

    Ǽ£ɭֻܾͽ˼ҴպϹҹ̼
ĿΡҲûһѪصָʦĲ֮ѧ
Ȥһɢ

    һμڸ͢СʱǸĵİ
̸˺ܶܶࡣɭܻĻػ䣬
ĵˡ



    ˹̹ûȥ͢μӲڡ

    ڹ۳ɹȳУӦ׶ءʱThe Times
Ϊ̩ʿ׫ĽԼۡĬرʾ
ϼǵ¹ʿˣҲ̫ˡ۳ɹͻᱻ¹
ˣ֮ͻһʿ̫ˡڵ¹˵

    ֪ⲢȫЦڵ¹һܿ
ȴûйϵ

    ս¹ҵУ̫γһ˹̹
ԽԽƽΣաֹͣ˽ѧܾл͹¶棬
ѰŵԢӡڲڵͬһ£˹̹̫ѡ
⽻ϰ;бִɱΪǣ˹̹ܻܿһ
Ŀꡣ

    Ҳڱء֮еǴ磬ܿ
¹ķΣաڲڸ͢չ֮ʱ˹̹Ҳ˼ƻ
Ѿȥձѧ룬ٴԶ󣬽һΪʱĹ
С

    ǰӵһš˹ô޵ʾǿ
ܻҪ12·ݵ˹¸ĦһˡʱձͲðˡ

    ˹̹ûΪ֮Ȼ밬ɯ֡



ڱ༭̫
УԣӦ
󡡸壺ƽ̫Ӧҡ硢ꡢʡ
֧֣塢٣졢
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.orgxinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
Ȩ˿У°ȨУת뱾ϵ
桡http://www.xys.org
http://newxys4.com
˿վµϣxinyusi@googlegroups.com



