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2020ͳѡ˵һβͬѰѡ٣ѡپ
ƶǷܹסҲǣԼȫġ
ϣ˴ѡټ˿ǰѡ飬ĸвǣھ
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ײڵľԽԽԶײԽԽ̻ײƾŬ
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İصĽ׼ࡷⱾУɭһ
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濼Ͽһλ˵ĺеȷ߼ǣĺ
ͨƽˡӦÿôһͨƽ˺õᣬ
ǻĺˡһӦһôŬͨ
ҲܹбϵһˣһԱ
Ĺͬزٵģֵͬأֵ
Ϊṩõ

Ȼ塱йɡ֪ʶӲϲģǷֲ
רһ֮Ϊˮޣ
ܲҪָԤᾭãΪһ㡰ˣרˣ
ͨū֮·ˣ1984ˡӴպ͹͵
塱ĹҮˣΪԡԷ򡱡ѡ
Ƕǵĸȱ˼νѧ丵ξѧ
ѱŷıйĳ·

ܶй֪ʶӦø׷ĿʲôΪ
ͶƱȨȡͶƱȨĿʲôͨڵĿǺʵͶƱȨ
ΪԼܹȨӣΪܹ𲡣ס𷿣
ϣܹúõĽضȺŮϣܹŮƽȨ
Ⱥܹ÷ɺϿɣмܹиӽȫ֧֣
ЩҪṩڵľֻǿպ
ɿںţԷԡΪɷԼְֻ
ΪԶԡƫִУҲᱻȨСᵼʱ
ţʱ̰ĳ嶯ܼصʱᵼʲôĺһ
߹ʷͻף˼ʱĹȱݲӦ˶
ǿƵʱ£ʴͣƻƶԽԽʻ
ŷҵָɶȫߡĿǰй˼еû
ͬ˼еʱ˵컯й
ĹͶͶߵıȣܹ˵Լ
űµϵͳν׼棬ҲΪʲôڻ
ɱԭŷŵ
;ͬ顣

˵ΪǲܿķʽӮѡٵʱǲ
壬ǻѡҲù͵ѹͶƱƻ˾
ԣݲ봨ߵƻһһ¶
ߺɡԴĿںţȴҪŮ
ȺΪǷԿǹݾññڿ־У
׷ġɡΪѹȺ壬ñ˲ɡʹǶЩ
ͬıߣǵҲᵼ²


һֻ׷棬ԽǮΪɹ׼ǷǱ׼᲻һ
ᣬή˵ĵµߣһ˾
Ϊһ˻ᣬһĮ֮ȱεԭӻ
Ҳͳϲᡣǣһ壬
УǵеһᣬǶḺ
ӦøáҲܶӵ
ĳªΪĳªϢϢءҾҲ԰
쵽Ȼ磬ȻУҪȻ
ֶԣעȾעůذΨһĵΪ
ǣҲΪǵ

ѡй޹صĻʵе
ϵΪ漰Ϊռֵ⡣˭붯
ʲôǻŵĿʲôΪ˶Ӧùһ᣿
ǴҴææͣ˼׷ǳ㣬ǵ
ꡣƭҲƭǡǼװˣŬ׷
ˡ

áĩ֣

ҪάһӮͨԡҪΪ
Դѷ״̬ͬʱǵĺΪ޵Ŀռ以ɱ
Ϳ־Ҫ˷ǹͬԴǶԱ˵
ʵָҪΪһᣬÿ˶Թۣ
𣿡

ҪһᣬһᣬһǶٵ
ᣬһΪѧѧΪᣬǾͱ
˹һʱкӣʱ
ĺӣӦõõг˵չˣǲһҪȥԼһ
ǵھӣҪԼĺһھӵĺӡѾԹͳ
ΣԹӢǸʱˡ

ȾȺӣ

͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ͱĹ (ʮ

̡ʡ

ʮ֮

1969꣬غͻĵʦŴѧѧ꣨Dennis Sciama
ױǴѧѧͣٵļ϶ͻȻųһ䣺Ҳ
һ䣨vacuum fluctuationȫôЦѧڵ
ᣬΪһֻвŶĬ

ЦУǸðʧΪΡEdward Tryon²
ѧʿҵ꣬ոڸױǴѧıְλ

ʵġ

ڻԴըΪ֮󣬿ѧһռߵʣ
Ի͡嫡ǴģγֵģһֶΪʲ
ôɶ壿

1930Ϊ͡
ܡΪû󡪡ʱ䣬һʼ㣬һ
Դ

÷غ٤Īϸϵǡԭʼԭӡ
ǡסǶûΪġԭʼṩģͺҲ
û취˵ֻԭʼûдСߴΪ㡣ͬʱܶȡ
¶ȡѹȴһѧ㣬۶ѾʧЧ

ԣΪ۹ġըʱͲǺ
ɡӢĬأTerry PratchettС˵ģʥ
ԴɶҲûУըˡIn the 
beginning there was nothing, which exploded.֣ȴҲ
ʧ׼ȷ

1980˹ҲΪʱѾ졢㷺˵Ĵըֻ
ڱը֮ݱ䣬ȴر˸Ե⣺ʲôըˣΪʲô
ըˣը֮ǰʲôWhat banged? Why did it bang? What 
happened before it banged?

Ȼ˹ֵıṩ˴𰸣ըǻڴͳһ۵ļ
գΪֻһ̬߱һ෴ǿ˻ᵼ
ָʽ͡˹ıҲǴը֮顣÷غ
٤Īһ޷Ϊʱ㡣ֻܱƽ10^-37ʱ̡
ʱǳ֮Сֻӵһǧڷ֮һһ̣ıͿʼ
Ĵը͡

ô10^-37֮ǰַʲôأ

ֵҲΪ⡣±ۼ˹˹ԭеȫ
Ǿ߱ʽʼ㱩ͣҪʼա
νֻӽⲿ֡ضݡ䣬Ƕ
汾䡣Ϊģµڵ͡ڵ
治ϵصʧ֮ʣΪһĶȴģҪ
յ㡣

Ȼ뷨Ҳܿķݰˡ£Arvind Bordeά
Alex Vilenkin˹һѧֵ֤µ㱩ʱ
ֻδķ򡣶Ҳ㣬ȴ޷ԶĹȥʱ
ƻȥǱһ㡣

ĸĻĸ䣬Թݡÿ嶼ء
ֱͬĳϵΪרơġϣʥͰ
Ϊ͹ġһ򡱣first causeй֮Ϊ
һһ

ܹģʱǶźǵⰲϵ
ڵﻺƶת˼ɣ

ڸᡢʶת֮ţٷ֣̫ϵǡ
ǵĹ˶ͶѧԤ⣬ȫ
ڽ̵ΪǼࡢɱϵ۵Ļ޷
Щʼ˶ģֻϵ۽̫ǡ
һãȻƶһ¡̫֮ϵԶزҪϵۡ

һǳʵõ̬ȣڿѧܹ͵Ȼûϵ۴ڵ
ɣѧδʱҲϵ䵱һס޶ż
ִѧԭϣһޡ

300ĿѧҷߵͬһӱߡӴը֮Ҳ
Ҫϵ۲֣šذѾݱ䡣Ǵ
ըһ̾ʲôǷҪϵ۳֣һ¿ءȼһѻ

2500ǰڡ¾л棺У
ޡûоָޡʲôִӺζ൱Ǹ
ɶҲûСnothingδ浮֮ǰġޡתΪ֮С
һֱѧҡѧҽֵĻ⡣

ҲѧڻġΪУνġޡ
ա

е򵥵ϵͳһǿһڲ
ȫգ治κηӡԭӡӣûκη䣬ûκ
գ༴տҲɶҲûСκ

ȻȫȷԶΪ״̬ΥѧĲⲻ׼ԭ
ܴڡˣеղôţʱ¼
磬лͻȻðһӺһӣǺֻܿʧ
̼ݣֻԼ10-21룬޷Щ˲ŵ
Ҳӡvirtual particleЩӲϵĲ
վ߱һܡzero point energy

1940ڣѧҡ׷˹صѧ׶Hendrik 
CasimirڲһֱӲ;н
ƽ忿Ϊƽ岻磬ûеá̫֮СԺ
ơڿ㹻ʱ֮ڵܻʹ塰ûɡ
ػ

׶ЧӦCasimir effectֱ1990űȷĲ֤
ʵʹ1970ѧҶܵĴŲɡ

1974꣬ڷʱά˹ޱ˹ڶ
ȫڡһݳ˼롣Ϊڶ桱רҵƽ
¼ӽ硱event horizonҲӵ
Ӷԡ֮һ漴׹ڶʣµһ㲻
лֻܹͬݳΪɱ۲쵽ʵӡδ֤ʵ
ġ䡱Hawking radiationҲʵı֡

ԣ1969ѿڶеʱ
ǲʧΪһȤ뷨ȻҲĶơӵļȡ
ӵҲǲҪԽ󣬲ĻԽ
С֣ҲԽ̣޼Ѱˣ
嫵һ΢СӴ֣100껹˪
ɣⲻܲͬǾһޱȻǵЦ

ǳЦܲڣԼټǵǸ档Ȼ
Դͷȴһֱε֮ȥֱһ
죬ż˹ֲ̹Peter Bergmannһ
˼ȴע⵽ʵʵѹû

ʶµǵ¹ѧҡѧ֮һԼ(Pascual 
Jordan1920̽ǵĿԴطֺǵΪ㣬
ȫԡСسֶΥغ㡣

ǵģгԭӡǵܶ൱޴
ͬʱЩԭӵҲͬ޴Ǹģ
ԣûо

ͨе˽˶֪лܡһ
νֻȡѡ񡣵ֻ
е

ԶΪ࿿ǻܵԽԽ죬
ӡͬʱ֮С֮ڱ༴ǹͬ
ڱΪԶǲǸģ
֤ܵܵغ㡣

ĸ˹һ˽⣬˹Ǹһ
ֱ۵ĽͣһԳƵǡΪţƽɷȣ
Ļּ֪ڲ
ͬеĵǵĴС޹ءȻ
СһȦʱΨһı仯ԭ
֮Ǹ״ԭûΪǵ
˹Ǹġɴ˿ɼǸ
ġ

٤ĪԴм¼һ밮˹̹лؼʱ̸Լġ˹
̹Ȼһڴмͣ½Ų㱻ײȻ
Ӫ쳡٤Īȴûܺ˹̹ľ巴Ӧư˹̹
Ϊ泣һʧ˵һ٤ĪĹ¿ɿ
Ҫɡ

ԼֻԵĺݣļҲ档
ѧԺжRichard Tolman֤ڹУ
Ķȡڿռʡƽ̹Уû
һûо档

Ȼжд1934Ľ̿飬֪ѡ
ֻ벮һ̸֮ŵ֪лôһء
γѣȻ㣬ôгֱǳףҲ
ԳڣΥغ㡣

²һֱԼʵĹ뷨дרҵģ
Ͷĸۿ챨ܿ죬յ־˸壬ڷ˼
ʵʡΣѸ޸һɾȥ̫רҵĳɷ֣Ͷ
ȻֻԶŷʽͨװ汾һע
ϣȻ༭ʶ飬Ϊʽģͷʽ
ƪΪ𣿡Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation?
漴19731214

ˣĹȻ̫˼ûʲô졣
ҲûڸױǴѧתĺѧԺһĬĬŵĽѧ
ĺ201912ȥ

1980˹ı䶯ʱжоٶ
ע⡣͵һƽ̹棬Ϊ㡣
͡ͶΥغ㡣

ά׽֤㱩Ҳһ֮㿪ʼĥ
ֵ֣Ϊ΢Сֻ̮ʧȷ
ܷչҲֻǾͰڶ
ĴڼлͨЧӦͻȻ󣬴Ӷ͡ЧӦǵ
٤ĪԭӺ˥䡢˹ԭʼ汩ùĻơ

ǣһ֣ʼĴС޹ءʹû
δСȫǡɶҲûСĿ飬ҲͨЧӦͣɳΪ
嫵档

ǣв췽ҹ̷ΪľΪ㣬
ӿ֡ǳֵ΢Сݽ봩Խ͡ͳΪ
ǽ档

һУҪϵۡƶ˹ԣռ
ͣthe ultimate free lunch

ά׽ͬʱ1980ҲһԴ
James Hartleɵ۽ޱ߽硱no boundary 
conditionΪάʱһѧĲ
wavefunction of the universe밮˹̹Ǹޱߡ
ƣʱάûʼ߽磬Ҳûʼ֮ǰĸ
Ȼǵ汾û㡣ֻǵģУڴ
ը֮ǰʱ䡣

˼ǣ198110ٸԾٰһֻϵһι
뷨ġԴ1950ը̻̽ʶһֱĸ
ȤΪըʱȵȡȻϽ壬ϵ۴ڵĿѧ֤

ºݽѧԺǿ̻ûΪ̻ڻָ˵
оը֮ݱ䣬Ҫըһʱ̡ڣ
ǳ˿ɼ̻ʿΪ˽̻ʡ̻ʵʽֻ
ǿԴܳԽѧܽͣûоѧһرܵ˼

ޱ߽緽ǡǡָһʱ̲ڣҲûϵ۵Ŀ
֮ء

ά׽ȻͬԴʽǣ
һɺԣȴ޷ͨѧ֤ᡣΪ۴Ӻζζ
͡Ͳƽռޣһƽ̹棬
ҲͬʱĨɱʱʷ͵ǡһģġƽ
̹ȣֻڱͽʱЩ
һǰ泬Խǵܼ

ˣ޷ٻĿǰ⡪ѧȷ֤ԨԴ
ϣܹвֻһֵĿԣҪͼϵ۳֡

ǸΪʲô赭дشΪ
䣬ǵ治ʱڷƽ¼֮һIn answer to the 
question of why it happened, I offer the modest proposal that our
Universe is simply one of those things which happen from time to time.




ڱ༭
Уԣ
󡡸壺ӡƽ̫Ӧҡ硢ꡢ
֧֣塢٣졢
ϵˣӣsmfang@yahoo.com
Ͷַeditors@xys.orgxinyusi@yahoo.com
У˿磨New Threads Chinese Cultural Society
ʿţɣӣӣΡ
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桡http://www.xys.org
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