                           ˿µϣ20201015գ

20.10.13-14ûи
20.10.15, ˿202010º<
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Уӣѧ˾壮


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ǵá΢Ŷ顱Ӧ̨顶Ŀ͡ʱλ

ʥԼѧԺһ޴ҷһֻβɽ˷ָܵ
ɿȴתȥһ첽岽֮ңվ˵У裬
ҪָҪָʵ̫ˡֱûС


ҿȤۣ

ʮĺӣΪ죬ڸĸϲAct Coolͣ
ʮĸףˣû˹˼ɣԼĺģ龡¶
ǣںӵͳˡAct CuteǣӸϿԶĸҲգ
ŰһĻ£ţưɡ

Ǿѵޣһλۣˣ˾д
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Ҳ˵Ļˣ£ԣҲٻҲη壬
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ǰһΣ¼Circuit Breaker֮ĵڶ, ұ߶
Ź㲥ĸоиŮʿȥ˵·Ͻͨѻָ
յӵֵǴҿҡҡλβ̫عءǸ
ˣǺܿ˵ĸܣʣʲôӦ𣿡
Ůʿ˵No, I tried to be kind.ֿԿ˵Ҫң
ܾҪˡǣλŮʿǿWe need to be kind. 
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ĶԻӡ룬ҪңҲᰴȣ
ǣΪˡBe kind, ֪޲֪е
ǱȽϼҲм£ԿƲԼҲȣ
żˣվͽţ˶Լãαأ ͬʱڴĦ
Ůʿ˵šBe kindʵһָ߸ϵ
ñ˲ԣԼڶűˣΪ˱˺áⲻһֵ°
ʵҲżȴΪ˸ԼBe kindѹԼ
ǷԼɲӰأѡBe kindһ
̸ӶǸߺΪʲôҪBe KindĽǲǻΪ
һαأ

ͬڳųˣ涼һڸԼBe 
kind,һ֮֮һ̩֮Ȼϲ˭
أ

ڶ˹άӪҴѧ˿..90ʱ
ӵܡжλӡ̣

ҾҵĲˣܰʲôǳΪ˰
ӣHumpty DumptyеϵűװʹҳΪ˹
͹ʿһˡҰˣ˵
ܶأΪԼеεʱҸ֧أ

ѧҶԼرʶûоѵǣжʱ
Ϊȱ˸ȱ˸ж֪أ

ӵġࡷ΢̸̸еԤľһ
¼Ŀ˶ԵԤıҪԽбۣһѧ
оԱ½ĿϢҼŷһֱִ˷
赭дؽţȴóءʻʷôӦ
ģ˵ѾȽϴˣʱӦ70ˣоԱ
һȭҲҴˣҲһЦ֮ˣƽϣֻǰ⵱
ڼı֣ҲҪҴôǷе
дհɣȻ£ԴˣϵȻͬΪϣ
Ϊ棬ڸһЩѡǻ׶̹ˡ

ȻڹȴħˡдЩоԴǼ߼ϽĿ
ڹҲû֮أ΢ͱɾˣ΢ŹںҲȥ
걻ˡգдƪ£ɽ͡Ļ
ͨѧèͷӥҥںŷܿڶĶﵽ100K+
Ȼһƪ¹˼챻ɾڶƪ죬ƪ
ҥںҲ÷ˡͿѧèͷӥĺܶȺһҲȦת
ƪ£Ϊ֣Ͽ޼Ҳַ̬ȡ
ҵļˣʵܹƽ̸۷Ѽ٣̸ʱ˵
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۵ǿƺǵһȵġȻҼ
ģΪ֪еӵи˸ˡȻҲ֪
۵ģһͷѾԤԼȫûʶͽ
͵ġˣרƵĻҪ˽ܷǲ׵ģǿ
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ȥ׷ʱʱʱȤʱʱʱ
ʱĵĴǧ磬˵һ졣

д2020712գ

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⻰١

ɲһ׶ΣĸȦ㶼
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ֱġյġġġȻҲⲻ˻ŸȤζ
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˵ʵ֮·ۣܡĹˣˣ
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ʮļУͼȵʱ⵱бҵũ
ǶʱˡʱǼڴɽͶν
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ӳƺҲȱֵûζʱˡĥܽǶʱ֮
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ǵģɽ壬ũǲʶûʲôĻġǧ
СǣȻʶȻûʲôĻȱǻ۸
ȱٻеڶгĬˡǻὲءĻҲὲ硱ĻЦ
ſھǺѷɫЩʦĬʦġ
ЦʱЦԳ֡ǻὲˮ䰴μǣ
壬ѦʹѦɽͨɨػɨϣûɫȤ
ܰһιµľʴǡ䵽緹ǰչǰȻҲ»
ֽ⡱ζڣղܡ

ȤǱ˵ġĹ˼ˣÿͶʱ
۳չ۸ɻڵͷϳԷϢҶϲǰһ
ǾһųѴǵߡ˵ʵڻǣ
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⣬һȪ˵ġ

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Ҳ֣һƽȤһܰӹɶ
ȤˣǵڶгĬˣȥģȥѧҲѧ
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ӣǲ²Цǲһ΢Ц飬һֵĶ
һõĻĺȤģ̻¶ģҲ⣬Ȼ
ʶʶûйϵĻߵҲûɶϵȻĻرЩ
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֪³ѸǸȤˡǸ޵³ѸЦŭ
Գ¡˵ӡУ³Ѹǡüŭԡǿ̰壬˴
̣Ǹʵ³Ѹһ൱ȤˣұΪǰй
һˡЦŭֻǱ棻ȤĬ衣³Ѹ
ȤȥֺͶй֣֪ˣ

Ǹͯ˵Ϊ˻񣬾Ϳܱú
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ҲǸȤˣһͽС̣ܶһȤ
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ȻȤִУŴҲУҹŴ˵Ȥѷɫִˡ

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ףνʥˡߣȻҲһˣһȤˣ

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ÿƤǧƪһɣȤһˣ
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ߵķݣٻſա

MǡӵкϷ꣬ȴȥߡ
ڡĵкڳϲԶ

˵öԡΪһй½еˣ㽹ġ
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ĿǷԶɳʧʡһǾͻˡһΣ
мλ۾Ů˵Ĵӵ£ߡ
λŮö״ķһ˺ȹһ˻ȹ˵иۡ

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һλŮȥ۲ͬʱ˾У˱һţ
һ󻶺Ц뻮Ƴա

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Ȼһͨļͥ۲ͣҲһףûո裬
ں紵ɳ̲ϣȼҲܡ

뵽˷ΪӻŮӾδɶԵϰףС
ᵥenterrement de vie de clibataireڵʮַҡ
ɶһɼҪõǡǵġǡǵġ
ۡܳﱸ߻Ȼһۻᡢ񻶣Ϊ쾪ϲԴ
ףǻǰνһɡ

Ҳ²ţŮ۾ѵĳһδ
ԡȻȴ޷ΪʲôŮһ

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ҲɣֽȻǣǿΪʵ˼ţ²͸еİ
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ȻҵĲ²ڼˡֻһ롣

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Ҹѽ˸ոյľֻڽĹУҹȻʮָ
ȴְٸн

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ˣλŮԶԶǲʱ˴ǵӣ
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Ҽ֤ǵİ飬ջ˶˵Ĺ£Լ˾ϲ
Ļƻ衣ҪлMǡУдδʧһ
õĳУһٵĳУ֮ǰʷڷ
ͳ̹ʷͬоеġЩ
ҲĿͬȺӵϡܵ


ʱգѧ̬ѧоѱͬǼε
ϵѧӵйʶͬԻϷȫΧҲǴ
ȻȻкܶطͬΪˮޣͬ
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˭ϲϲأҷżһֻҪѣ
ĺܶͬʱҲڷŲпı磬Щ磬ͬȺı磬
ǿѧȺı磬ִı磬ı硣

ֻбѣŻŬķ͸ıĿܣгһա

Ұѹ½ˣҲϲʱҾȻЩᣬ֪Ϊ
ݵãõĶݡ

ϦԶɽӲдɫɳ̲ϵԽԽ٣Ҳ
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£ĹʱʫȻʵǺ
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ңҵһںߴôôᷳˡ

Ա£ƺ˯ţʣһˡֿʼ
ȴһڵʲôأҲֻ֪ǰţϦҿ˾ƣ
󺣣ǿı˰Ըůһ
ȴҲõ˼䡣

2020816817MǼ


                              

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峡ͷ̱ӡʧصξһֻʣP
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һձܷ˼ʵĵʱ䣬
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ĳɷݺʣĴ߱ʷһ仰ʱ
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˳˵˵ЩͳԴΣйΡϲϡʷ
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һǰٵľø߳٣˾ϲӱ޵زȫԱûû
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ġؾͻǿ֣Ҿһߡ
ڵǰȵ֮⣬ǿűȻۻģǸɵüȻ̤ʵ
ԼȴֵĲ鲻Ըװ٣ϲ˨DDϲǼת
̵ġЧ߱ꡱˡ˱µָоܣ


μȥʱˣľƴ
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졣˱ǿ֧䳰Ūָоܣ

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ԵĲɵոһձù¶ǣжȴȻأ޸
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ʹұǣҲԭľˣʱڣƫƫ
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תһ¿ңǲעӣо

ǾͷѹѹͭǽڰȺ룬ճıٸת
дͷ䵥ңҲ룬ҪİQ

͸ĻеϷ֪KҪˣ
˵Ȼͷժ²ɫɾñĴ£Ҿ
һĴĻҳҪͷȺڳϿұ̬һ
ֺ̼ͽʱ˿̣ҲѹҲһװģ뿴
ϵӵ㣬ϲûֱ

ûʲôҲûҹһ˳ġ

Ҳ֪£ʲôʹѪʱ˸
Ҫͷתξļȶģʽչ״οҲΨһһ
ʽķÿһһĻʱҪпѵľһ㶼
㲢ģζΣΣòᡣ

֤ⷴ˸ıӡ

˵ˣǲǾ춯صľٶֻǽҵСأ
٣Ÿ߾ٵָȻȺɽȺǰȻʧ˨DDǿҵ
־·ϵذѵһνˣɹûԼܵκξš

ôȻΪһжˣһϾɵξֱ
ѵҹ˯ľϡȴǵģ˺Լȥ
ҪʵضԴԼһججоĴôһԭ
ⲻѻصξɸ൱İ칫ƨɰʽ
ʵӣ̻ȻPĶ档ķ޵Ľۺɫ˿ش
ǰһöǷķƣŪҵӾҵή
գP̩ɽһٵĹϣ־
֮ǰҵ̬Ⱥܲһ쳣º͵ؿң̾ոû
ڸ˵ʲô˯ˣ

ҸPһʮֱǸ΢ЦԲϰ壬˸Ρ 

Pƽ͵ңԸң˸ʲô

ûϻش⣬µطʣϰ壬㲻𣿻
˵ոεʱѾˣ

Pɫխļ򣬰ϵ˫˫ֽ£
ҵʻÿɷ

PĶɳ

ʱ㣬һҪ編ƣӹϵذǰ
Ҳ˨DDҵٴβҪԼܵκξš

ҲΣֻˡ

ʵʵ˵Чʵ䷴֮˯ľʱ
˼״̬һҲֹۣ˵ǻûʧġ

ҺܻҽǷԶʵгˡ

2.	

ҹҴ˯ûżҴϯ˼
ȥ

ƮƮģһΥĶʽ

¼ȴ޷ҹɫͳ߽Ǵѡ
ڼ䱾طԵһ㣬Ϣġ

ҰѽŲᣬ°ѴϺòײ˯ųѡ˯
ܲʵҹƺ̫˼񣬹ķԵִ
ָ¼Ѿǵ֮ġһ硱ҡôһ硱
Ů˵ʧƫߣ˶ﲻסǷǸţ
еǶ˼

ҡҡλ߽ǰְ˲Եĵƿءףĵ
ûְ˿һ£ƻǲƻˡʮ꣬
ഺˣڲŻѾ󳬳Ԥ롣Ǽƶû

һε˲վڳˮͰǰͰʹ򡣲ãʮ
룬Ҳע⵽ôûСļͰĽˮ

ⳡСڡ̨¡еġ̫ˡ

Ȼڰģ鲻׼Ŀ꣬ƫˣз
ץϹ

һһ£ɲҲſϻһ
̲򼣣ǻ⣬Դݻ˯Ļ
ɳͥĿǰܶܶ״Ѿڡˣ
ҡ

ϸıƣŵΣƨͰϣС㡣Ҳͦ
ͦʵģʸŮƽûϵȻոѾվһЩʣ
Ȼ󣬻Ϊˣ屻ʮ۵ѹ
ӣͰ˳ʮӡ

ʮӣ̫˰ɡ

ʵСֻ˼ӡСˣҲûվǼ
Ͱϣ˶ٷӡͰСʱһ£С
ˣһûǼ£ͬ׷ſˣͷԿˣҾ
Ƕȥ

ƨȽϿżɽ

ˡӡ¡

˯ǰҶһ־־һƪĳŮдʣ˵
ѽһɵץһֻǴÿ
϶ڣѣҲ޷˯ӷúã
ȥˣǴϵÿ͵ҧ
ʳͷʳȴ˿ǽŮǵǰ
ѣ˵Ǹǰץס
ζлرϼ޻ģŵζ;ˣ
ϵͶǰѵĿѾʹȥһµ
ӣֻǴDD
µӻûDDҪȴһˣȻ


һһѵ̶һ

˯ǰҶ־һƪĵʣȻʧЦڣҹ
ܵͰϣ뵽£뵽Ҹס

סҲ൱һСƪɶǿ½ڡ

ţûзЦΪ뵽˸׻뵽ԼûзЦ
Ϊ˿̿װǻƵͰϣ濪©磬ɵ㣬
ЦЦ

󲿷˶Ǵ淢Цģ

ʵҵͯ²ЦҲȤǰϵСѧһ
ʦԳУ԰ʫˣ¸дСѧйͯ㳤
ҪĻ롣

һʮ꣬70ڣ汲סĸʰ
Kampung 壩гõġݡг
ǩס˶¥ĸ׵˵еһǰʰġ¥
оȻո׵̧ܣ¥ϻкܶصĸֽˮ
ཨĻ

¥¸ڣиƷĵ̣֡ˮӦ
˶ǿͷ˶ݣ졣ݾֹ涨סլڲ
׼èԣȱУ衣Сʱͨۻ
;ܵڽǶ¥ļ˼ɵصƻĸ׿һֻֻ
ԼŰĺе־Ͷģ㲻ϵطԹķ
ȥӻһǦ˿ɵӣ׼ɱ䡣

ǸйġġˡҾãɱ䡱
һϰԣʹ㡰׹ˣѪġѪ塱Ǳ
Ż

Ҫ֪ЩҶڸ׵ۡ

ϸ˵Ʒʱڸ׵ĸۡ

60ڣǸ൱ȵ꣬˶Ծӣڴӵ
ʱ¼ִжġߡһԱж
ҫ˼϶ߡһ׹֯˵
ʱҵ桰Ե͡ݡ

ǿ˵Ǹ۷ʱڡ

60ڵڣ¼µƺ仯ߡ
˶γشĴġʧȥӵеġ
ۡ

ȣ1963꣬ڲȫ»Ȩ¼
ˡжOperation ColdstoreⳡжУгһ
⵽аˡߡҪԱ
⣬ҲżߣԱԼѧѧ

Ǵжúܴ󣬸Ҳڱʿ֮С

ױϾһСɫںͱͷˣûȥ
жɡҺѧʱӹĸ֪ж
ʿУЩδ˾򣬱Ѻʮ֮áɼ길ڵ
ȨеķʵǡС׼ס

Σ1965꣬¼·ɧңȶ
֮¼µġߡԱӶطϯ
תѡ񡰽ͷս·ߡʵ֤һشսԴ
жЩַҪϯѡУӮеѡʤ
Ӵ˿öһĻԻʱ

ߡϲߵĸı䣬϶ûҸĻԱ
ݣǣҲóеʹĺšߡµһ
겻߽⣬ĹҲ𽥵;ĩ·˳µģ
70˵ĸףȻΣһı·С̷ 

һҰ롰ݡʱŬ׵̷
죬ͷ棬Ϊһɹˡ

׵ĸ˾Ҳͬʱӡ֤¼µĽҲ졣ع
70¼µľѾʼԾ
˼ĸơ

ԡݡΪĽݷչֹ滮˽Żݼ۸
۸޸ߣʱΪֹݾڽ
üݵλ˹ݻ⡣ԭʰӣ
ʱʵ⳥ǱǮ֧ڻн࣬Ƿ˷
Ϣṩֹʹþȫǰ
ܿʵãеˮִ豸ͰˡԶ
ˮͰԭʰľסͬն

¾һվƺĸ׷ɧ˵
ɷܶ룬벻һһַʽʵˣĸ
֮Աǡ

˵һӷǳʧ䡣ˣû
˹

ҲÿһնȺץ˺ֻܶ
ץ󣬸ͨһˮߵ
ʹɱֵʱĸǶԶԶģ߶߶۲Ϊ

ǵģζˮ̲ġ׵Ľ취ǣ
תѬӣζȥѬɾ˵ֿԼ
ͨԲˬѬӣʹõǺһȼڤֽֽ
ŨǺζЧ顣ֻأÿɾ׼һ
̣ĸܻᰧɱֻܶڤֽѬӣϹֹ֣չ
Щ¡

ײΪ⣬ǸȱĻϲսپʵɼңʵ
Сж

ʵĸײǸȨԸ׵ġڲȫ»ᡱ

ĸ˵ˣǸӦֵץʮһֻֻ
С󣩺󣬸׾ͻȻűϳزסԺɵ

סԺʱĸһؼ鶫ץס˵ʮֻ
ڶǵúִֺֻ󣬿߽ӾͿ
ؽԲֻС۾ݺݵҡҶĥӵĻأ
иɵĵ֣滹װмŲɫĲСӡ
ӣȻ֣Űֻˡϣܹ
˾ٶȡƣȸΣڵϦͽͣ׾
ҽԺﲻȥˡʱ˵ĻǣҪúչĸףǣ
ǧҪѻ졣˵һһĸԱ߿޵
ҵʱûдӦףתȥοĸס

ʹҴСˣ֮䣬ϰ裬ǵУ
ûдﵽ໥޵ĳ̶ȣҲǰˡ

һתۼʮȥˣѳˣӽ򳬹ϰʱʹץ
ɹͣҲǵܹ˵塱ˡ

¼±һĿҵִмµְ
λ۷ϰʱ󼰺ǿжҪļңΪ
ĸɲѡԱΪβȤûдӦ

нٹ⣬ȫ̸ף˵ĸףǹԾӵ
ףԶʱйĸ׺ңܵĲţԺ
ѧҪӢУǧҪϻУѧֱӵӢȥѧ
ġ۹⡱ӢԤ¼µδؽǡӢӢ
Уŵƾ¼˳ıһݺù֮;ͨһ·


ǣ񹦳͵ңΪʲôһĶϵס㲦
ȻԳ¾ɵġӡĹ¹ڻ֮ԳΪ
ΪµԽԽûзǷͬ׵һʧ䣿Ϊʲô

Ҳǰȥˣѻ춼úܳꡣһֱסԭ
Ķ¥ﲻϰңҲһֱǮ˼չ˵úܺú
ʮֳТұϰļơʱãҳ΢
ػСʱŵֻץĴΪĶ֮

ɴҾѯԼѵֳɵĻжҲĳ֡


Ծģݱ䣬ҺSҲ˵Һκεıˣ
ƽǿĽ׶Ρ

ҰҹС㣬Ȼ뵽ӡ£Ϊ˯ǰĶ
־еӡ󣬸ǸҸոйϵʱͦһֻ
ӡ

ոǰμ¡ġͦ˾İ칫
ӵѵһSԱֵǣһʱڣҺظ
κüˣҵ˼ǣǰǰںüͬ
ͬһSSʵʹǹ˾ְˡΪʲôȴ
ǼǲˣʹSֻеϰԳѡǣû
ġϰߡ˵ʵϰУȻǸͷմȨ
ϰ壬ҴԱɫģûеκһ
ˡţҵĽ̿ҲдģÿһԱĴͻ
ڿ϶ͺĽ͡

ŶָҹڿķʵָǼͥͬ
ء

ţҹĽչЩεĵطǸùSÿ
ʹôͷɥ־ǽ֪ôģξó
ˡϡ൱İ칫ƨɰҶλ֣
Ȼû˵ʲô˯ˡģҵһ
ҪݺŪѵСӡ˯߲ĹϵﾹȻ
Լ˯߲㣩Ȼһɡ̫ҵؽҷ·
ɵԤһ޴εġӡͷѹرһ𣬼
SңһֻһֻèֻDD
͵õ˳ֵת뵽ˡӡ¡ǣûнS
ĵȴţԼӺˡ

ʱνѡߡѡʵһԽԽ״̬

Ծģݱ䣬ҺSҲ˵Һκεıˣ
ƽǿĽ׶Ρ

λSңոǶ˸Σεû
¼£ȻԭйϺһҸߵо
μһʵĴģͻȻ˾Ҫ׷
ĲСS˵޹ģѡֻ÷𷴿ֻһ
ζѡ

ûSΣʹˣģһ
ûȫáġִġ¼˵˵һûС
ġһ£ҲΪһԱS֮ǰɳй
ͳε£ȻҵѪҺҲҲ̳Щ΢ģҸ׵ġ׹
ӡŴΪԺԲˣǽйͽ¼£
ƶ˲ͬټСܵĽҲ˲ͬˣ
⡰ңԶĶƬȻ顣

ɻ˵¼ˣͬңܹ¼±ع
ȥںͽÿ

ǻˣ˶ѡҲйˣS Ҳһйˣ
ƺֲԸھ׾ͷһ¼ˡϣҡڵ
ˡȱȽǡ

ãջ۵飬ȻȻܹҺSĹϵ
УָĲһ֡¼ϵġΡ̽
ңһҵ;ãȻǡϵʱ
ڵˡͬھʵ˵ԼȤûˡ

һнʱ˼άЩϴSġ
ΡҿȴʱҵƮҡûÿʱÿʶ
ΡSңϰ壬֪Σ
˵꣬SǰȻʧˣʧ֮ǰضҴ̴ָ̱
ƺһʵħĵ￩һҲ漴ˣҵϯ
˼ϡ

Ҿڵûż֣Ϊʲôû򼱵ĸо
أ

ҹɫȻڣҾڲĳˮͰڤ˼ܳʱˡû
Ūʲô죬䴲ϵûбѣ˿οġһ˳
һ졣

һ磬Ż𴲣ΪϰҪ·ѡ
Ҫʵѡ߹ÿִҪҴɫķĳ
˵ҵݣģ㣬ĵȴǷǳϲ
ɫ˿

Ǽͥҳϰŷḻʳȥ¥ιҰè
ÿնʱڲͬĵصιʳʮֻèҸ㲻Ϊʲôιè
ȴû˳ι

ֵһǣر¼»ϺĹҺͳè
ѾƲĶˣҾڸʳ̯λѱ߿
ദظҳԡûʲôôСֵģִ
͡ʱҡҲͬ˨DDǵҶһ־
صһλ鼦ʦд

Ͱ°䣬ϰҲòȥ˺
ŵĻҵܡܽ壬ʯֻDDȷĻֲ̿϶Լ
Ƕǵķ񶨣ʹҸеҺһֻﱻץסܻץס
ΣͶ·

ҹһ֧վһ¸ܸˣͰ˲
ʹĳˮʹǿصɫڵʵDDͨҹ
ôͿһڣҵõ൱ìܵ򣺼ȸеѾӳ죬ָ
Ҳûг

3.	

ԴȺԷξԺû
εκһҲϲˡҰ˳ԼԼ
ľ

ȴк֢ұ˯ʣʱݵġ

ŵĴʱ䣬һKP

ҵξ޶ֻšʵУҲ
ҵġˡӭҵūԡ

޷ȥūԣ

KǸϸųפ³о¸ɲʱġ
ᡣ

оǼ꣬ƿţ˲ٵˣKϲ
һȺСһͷࡱڷĸ
ǡĹ¡ġĹ¡汾ֱǽ
ǰĺͽźģͬ͹Ѻйء

սʤ󣬹ٴսKΪڰ߻ѧ˵ĵ֯
ɲƻ֯ĹץڵηѺ꣬˵
϶ϾͬһϵںܳһηΨһ
һֻֻηܸߺСĴģëɫƫƣ
ȥδ꣬ɣһηŰ͹ƽ
ǽµأػ˳ʣ͵KڴͷһСͷû걻
ˡKԺÿڴű߸һڳԵģÿKˣ
궫ڴΧƤͣһʱ̧ͷĿת
KKݣ˼غɫ飬Լںη̬
СҡK ̾ĺڰ֮Уļǿĸ
Ѿһ֧һֻ֮ۻɫ
ٹηšˡʮ

ĻУKٴ⵽Ѻо췴ɺѧУĺ
С飬ΪʷͽӸ˳
֤񵳹Ѻȴ桱ͷˡKα
ͽ̣󱻱ҽĻѸٻƽ¡ع
оĵίǡ

ĻеǴιѺKܲηĴˣ
ﷸһ䲻ʮƽ׵ηԺȫǷѵͷͬ
һȻһӣһ컹ȻǸץһֻ
󣬴ҳЦֻҲǡ󡱡Kµؽֻץס
ǻҺɫģеȣͷİηԱܼ
̫أɱҲأɵˡһĶŪʱʱ
ģʱˣѺ˶ԶǰԽԽеͻɥ
ûٲ飬˵һֻɵ˵ûʲôӦˡ
ӱڽǶûȥ̽ӣKڷǳʱڷǳ£
ҲƺѾԶһֻĹȴˡ

ֻҺɫ󾹻ˣĳζûע
ﱾͺܳȵʬҪɱ˲ŷ֡ʬһ
𱻼ܽԱˡ˵һڣKͻ۾̾ʱ
ھӵķֹܽԱ߹ߵһǣȻеҲ
ʲô쳣쳣ɿĶǿӲֲڵؾССϲ
ˡⱲǸˡȺѹֻ

ͬ˵Ĵͬ˶Դ̬ʵϾ˶Դ
˵̬

Щϲ۱˵òҲϲҪ˵ǣKǸͺ
ͬһС˻ʱ˴ҩɾȵͺЦΪ
⣬˵ͺˡ˽ñӡߡ˵һ
ɫľɾñһʿļе
ٹ⡣Ļ»ص쵼λͲٴǶɾñˣΪ
˵ѾժñˣٴñӲԺһ˶籩
ġŵͺ¶Űɡ

꣬ʹˣСԤСˣKԳ
ϹԱѺΣġҲġ
ʷǱ֤ġKĪظпһβ
ҪʼվѺͱ޲ԼΪԼһѺţƾ˵
ԷģԸ⺴Լڣһֻʼջгġ󡱡

㿴һ޲׼ԡС󡱵Ļĵ̲ľӣ
ײسԽԼ

һС˽½ӡѺ͡˸񻯡Ĳ
Kһ˼ٳƫˣҲϾǸеͺͷ
һЦŶԴ˵KǶɫɾñأЩɣ
˷ǿͺǴñӣ
˵Ͳˣƨ󣡡   

ģڡʱѧҵ䵽йϺĹҼо
Ƕ꣬쵼Kһֱغƴңһ﹤
ʱ͸¶ҪЯҵĳԶƻҪ뿪о
¼´򹤣˵ѧоҪ׬Ǯĳ̶ֳ˺


ִҪ뿪Kûôȴˣ֡
ͬһо¼ºü̽
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˵һɫɾñ˵ˣĲʵK
Ҳ˵ˡܶʱֻǸ˵ϸ͵
ֽСɱֽϸڵıֽҲСɱֽ

֣KоϵҪҺÿ£ʵ
﴿еġ˵ʵKģָϣ
𾴵ͬھ¡

˵Ҳͨ˳Щµͬ𾴡

˵PˡPһ¼¾Ӣײʿ˵һӢ
ִҵ˲š˵˲ŻͬʱͨĻ

ҺPڹദ꣬ȴ޴֪ϸɳĸĸ
ͥԴؿƿֻ֪PѧӲƾţʱ
ģͷϵҫ۹⻷ȣ˵Ľй
ƴѧѧͲ

һԿ϶PKǲͬ򻷾ɳĲְͬɣԣ
Ʒȫһˣٱ濴ȥ

ǣںĽǶPKȴ϶໥Ƚϵˣ
ܹศɡˡ

һ֤ˡ

ҳ룬Ҫ֮ǰйøٷչЩ꣬Pûűص
롱ǳºĳתȥй½չȭţһҵ
ʵرͬһˣгɾ͸иȨҲϻӲ˨DD
Ϊǡˮ¥̨ĻˣΪڰϻڷ
һš±ֽ

һDDֻ֮Ǽ裬ΪPҲ£Ӧó
6060аɨDDPʱΪȻȥйϺ
ҵĻᡰʱΪһ׷ϳĺɫսʿ
һвһļֵ𣬻ǸʧȥֵȡⲢ޻̸֮
ôֱPѪСԱŴʣǵεģҴ
ˡ

ڡͦڣPһλнʵЧϰ塣Ҫ˵覲褰ɣ
ܸ쵼ߵͨʢˣãƽʱܻҲԱ𣬰Ա
нİ칫ҲǼҳ㷹ϣPҵ̬Ǹ
⣬ûңϸҲûУȻΪƽҲδ
ڹϱҡ˽ֱʵرʾǳҵĹ
׾񣬸һ·Ƹ񹤳ʦ˲žְλ
֡

ⲻ֤ҺPͬ·ˣǡǡ֤

ҲҵĻΥʵξPһ£
϶ԲPʵϣҺһҪ뿪ͦҲˣΪ
еҺPġϵѾʱؾҪ˺Ƥľ
ı䣬ֻӱܡźǣְ󲻾ã˵P֢
϶ҵ뿪ɵġǱʱ䣬ͬ˵
ԳǱͬһС

Ŷǰ˵ǰ쵼Kϲ߶ҫЩйӣ
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һع鵽ξǰΣһκP൱İ칫ߣ
ԲԵ̸ҪжսʱͻȻֽۺɫɿһ
˲һոջɱһӵϣȻ¶ͷѹ
˵ԽԽԼһֻ˵ֱĵң
أǾ仰ߺЦЦָָļ£ҿȻ
һʽĴǦ˿ɵӣϸȥرͻǣ
ĵɣ滹˼ŲɫĲӣ߹ȥ
ǣִš

Ǹ߿տյģΪǿտյġ

ҵʱﵹһǾǸġԤס

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ֿϵӢ

                           

͵ξѡֿͣϵֺƬΪԼơ
֪ܣڼֿȣǡΰ󡱵ͳ

ǡöͳGoodwinдֿϴTEAM OF RIVALS
ɵĶ顣ǲ𱬵ĵӰֿϡⱾһΪ
ġTeam of RivalsΪֿڸı־ٿ
յڸԱλͳκοɱ֮

մ̨ĵһ죬ڴĻǵֻ˺ҡ
ΧڸԱŮʵ׷ߡͣ
ˣһĸڸšǰ˹Ļ
װһװ棬ŽҵӶϡֿοͬնǵ
ͬնȫ෴ˡ

18605£11λ͵֥Ӹ羺ͳֿϵжֶܹ
ӢҵУͻʤԶŦԼݵԱ
William Henry Seward, ݳSalmon Portland ChaseԱ
Edward BatesSeward򼸺ǰ϶ֵãػȻ
ĶֽȨ󣬹͵ѡֿϡ

ֿϣ4Сѧûܹȡʦִ֮ǰ
δ̤УһԼĿ̿ѧͼ֣˷ḻѧʶͳ
д˼ݵĲܡأҲ˧ΰ
γڣ˵֣öƲ

ֿϳͳʱֵʷת۵㡣ūƻܵ
ܷϷݵūƺϷѾūģҲȻ
йͣСŷūĹ͵Ҳϵ
ӣūļɺūºɣСķū
źͲԸ廨ţ۲ݡǼᶨūάߡ
ӵūϷȺ˳ѰӢŷ޸֧
ͳϡҴڷѵıԵ

սݣŵʱֿ̣ƾǻۺţ
ҪζپۼѡSeward
ĵһ֣䡣Ϊºɵֿϣ뼤ūɵChaseִƲ
ȨͬΪɵBates ˾Stanton ս
ĹؼΣһλBlair ܼࡣ

ڸгԱĽ̶Ⱥʹ鶼ߣҪεȵź͵
ŸڰôȺǿԼΧԼһλ
SpringfieldġҰʦһʷѰΰϵ
䣡

Լ˵Ҫõǿ˽ڸǱ뽫ǵ
ŽһûȨЩ׿ԽĲŻǻΪĻᡱ

սCharles Dana ˵úãֿϵǻ۲ܹ
ѹõ˾ۼΧÿһؼʱ̣Ǻ;
һͬǰ

ִһкͶɵŽһ£ڼѵս
ȡʤȹڷѣ᧿ΣڷֱԵ
õطϳūƶȡ

ǻۺ쵼Żֿϵĸ۷еˡ
ĶֺղóϷ˻ʵѡ

ֿϵJohn Hay ؼֿ֤Ϻ͹SewardľϺ
꣺δйλ֮ϵꡣ
֥Ӹ磬ֿӲشSewardֵõʤʵǣ
ֿϵѡSewardֳֿѡĵһλڸԱǵһλʶ
ϵ׿ԽŻˡǾοʼͬ˫˫̣֮͹Ĵ
δϡ

ĺзж˹̩1909˵أ߻ʢٵΰ
ֿȣֻ¹̫֮Ĺԡֿȫ࣬ȫ硣ؽ
ڡ

һԵ֣ۣ

						2020.8.28


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                         Զ


9 

ĸʮպ10굽20Ķ䣬ȴһ
ĸڼ飬ֻиļ飬û

19759ѧĵĸרѧȺƼϵѧʱ
ѧ¼ȡԭα֡ũʱǹίίԱ֧
ǣӵųС鳤ȻⶼһЩְ񣨳һ
ƽʱûκʵ壬ѧƼʱҪ

ѧǰ֧ίԱҲһְǸε
һɻȱĸαǩʱϲѧҪ
ݣһйظǰ;鶼Ҫα˵
޴ڡڿУǵ̸ֹ޲ŸԺ͸
ںš

ͬѧдǵԱԱݡٲַǵԱԱͬѧУҲ
뵳š

ǵѧУķ˵ġѧ֪ͨ顷ϺȻдʱԴ
֮⣬ҪԴͷһѡΪʲôأΪУҪʱμͶѧУ
ûбôͶߡʱҪμӵͶУڷնͲμУ칤
Ͷ

ʱëϯһǡսΪ񡱣ľһ

ëϯǰ

ǰѳͷҵʱһһֱߣ䵽оҲҪμ
һЩͶĸΪ֪ʶӵһֶκҪμ
Ͷ˼룬ѧϰĻ֪ʶ㼼ͲͶһǸ
ƬͶŤԵһӡ

ʱѧУһԼһеӹԼѧУл
ѧƵصģһΪѧһʵϰأһһ
ЩԼۡеӹиֻһ쳵䡣

һѧֵǰμӻеӹʵϰȺѵϳλ
λѧϰǵϳʦһ˵Ĵӣ˿ܺơ
ؽʹϳ˵˲Ҫ֮ͷĵǶ
Ҹνͬѧһλʦѧϰ°ҲӦȥ
ʦ棬ǵúʦסѧУ̹ᡣ

ǶزϳһЩСֵ쳵ʱ빤ʦһ鵹
ˮΣգˮǞR뷭ƤƤЬƤ

Ǹ˽׼쵼һСѧʦڵν֪ʶֻ
ܽġϾš͡Сʲ׼ӡ֪ܽʶֻ
ʹãá

ڰҸʱǽࡣشĽնҪǽ
رָʾҪרҵëֲУϰ೤Уã
ÿ졣⻹λͬѧνͺŻëҲһø
ϰ೤壬ȻһҲƴǣҲһ뵳ӡ
ÿһͬѧԼҵѧϰǽ˾ͻӰѧϰϢ
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ȫĻҾͻȥλͬѧͬѧС鳤
ͬѧд飬Ӧ˵ǻӡдһ㶼ܹʱɡֻ
лͷĹʹͷʹûлửˣϰ೤дֿԣСűʶУ
ҲửͷֻиѼϼܣԼѧŻ

ǵõʱѧУһմɳ´ɳԱѵ࣬һλͬѧ
νͬѧ磬棬ѧϰʱһϺͻ
ߡ

ͷʹҽͷʹҽŵľȼ취ЧΪһͷ
ҪöСʱ⣬ܺգ֪ʱ
ǴЩũıͷҳȥġ

һ֡ļ飬ҲǵʱġΧܵǵ
ʱġʦֳѾõġĸΪľʼֲ֡

ĸʮ굢ǵഺ껪ڸѧϰ֪ʶʱķ˴ʱ⡣

ĸĸ־ٶڽ쿴ֻȫΧݵһ־硣
ĸʱѧȫһָ߿ġ顱ֻһäӵ
θˡ

10 컯Ū 

ĸʱѧȺƼ쵼׼α֣ͬѧԭ
Ļβ룬ҲԻ 

ָ߿ǰ࿼ͬѧг½ͬѧϹѧϵ
רҵ½ͬѧԹУʸߣѧãǿϿδ
ǺϲС˵һһؿ 

ʱᳫũϴѧܴѧҪϽ̨ȫͬѧβ
룬еͬѧֻгˮƽĲҪõĺõó档

ѧĵһѧҪǸϰеȻΡοʦ
һ£ɻȽϺõļͬѧÿ
ͬѧַϸΡԶ˭ԡеͬѧѧ
ͬѧҲеͬѧŸѧ 

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ѧ֣ͬѧһЩͬѧһڸˣһʱ
һڵġˡ㷭硱˶ȫҵؿʼˡ

ξʹȻֹס 

й˶һ1975һ͵
ݡ 

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½ͬѧ1977ҵ°ָ߿˳Ϲѧ 

֮ǰ½ͬѧרҵ仹һϷԵСĳɼ
ãл䵽оġǰδܻعּ죬
ѧУ֯ͶǸι˧ͷ˴ɡѧУΪ˳ͷ
ͰɹǳԸȥһѧУһ£
йϵѧУϼλ˺ܴŸתɹָ鴨صһ
Сǳ 

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½ͬѧǴӹǼСǳ￼Ϲѧģʹ˸ıԼ
һˡҵ䵽ֵһԪھλʧ
תеı˷ݲʹ깫ϵͳѧ٣һȥܵã
ɵ졣ǰԭڸλݡݺһԼ
·װι˾ӴѧҵѺ͵Էѧ˶ʿ
ҵҲչ

2015Ҹϰ೤ͺνͬѧӦ½ͬѧ棬ұ
λĹɽһɽȪԱߣװ豸湤ҵĿ
һſ㹲˸ʾƽʱڻ

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11 ͬѧ 


һ˵İúȤ˵츳лؽһ˵¡
»ĲǶһ޶Ҹڰһλͬѧ 

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λÿűһͬѧ 

֪ǲΪĵεʦ֪ã
͹ڽҺͷ 

Կ϶ǣϿδûкúΪǷ˻Ͳ
ʺɫʣҲһдһ֧дֱԶϡʦ̨
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֤Ҳ츳ڡ 

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42࣬40ࣩ˴ʶԶ͸һ㡣 

ǵʱҪμһЩͶһǰһͬһȥ
ȥ߽̣³ϢƬ̣ӵʦ񡣾ôһ
ʱ䣬óƨɺдϲŵ˿ϡ
ڵϵũȵʦ 

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á 

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һͺܺˣĻԼ൱һЩͬѧȤ
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࣬ȥࡣָ߿Ұϳ½ͬѧ˵Ҳ
ѧȥˣѧʲôרҵǺ˵ˡ 

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һλͬѧ 

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ϵˮܹԼ츳밮ؽˡҵԺ
䵽һѧУ̻һӸȰȥˡ
ʦѧν̣˸ڡ

˵һƯĺӣÿ峿һ¾ǴҺ
ӣרõļ 

Ҳԭרϵͬѧԭ˼ͻĽˡ˵֣
һмĹҵͷϡһº͡ԼͶ˵ӺӰ 


12 ħ֮ 

Сϲ򣬵רѧУҲ⣬ʼԼ棬ȫͬ
ѧһ档Ұϵͬѧũ壬û򣬵أ徢ʮ㡣
ЦŽͬѧ߲һеգٶȿ죬
󣬸 

˶ҾһصǼԣЭͬսʱʹԱ
Žһ£һֺгѺõտǰǡ 

챿࣬ԱȽǿʱܾ͸һֲ
оͨ˶Ҿ͸оͬѧǶһأ˻֮
ľ룬ͬҲȻȻضһֺĸо 

ȻûпģΪС͵򹦷ʹϤ򣬽
ϸ壬رһҵľɱԣڰǵġͷ
 

˵һ죬ε֣ΰʦ֯ǰֽ򣬲
С 

֣ʦʱֻһͨʦ˵ǰ人ԺҵģУʱ
ȭһǴδ˶Ļкܶ˶Ŀȡˣ
˵ʱҵĿ֣ʦѧУίǣǺ
 

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ӵԱУУӵԱ 

ֽΪģڳϴʮֻԾͻˣ
ҰЩ䲻򣬴ǵһ򳡵ͬѧǵǿֿ
ãǵķ 

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Ѹ͵Է󳡡ԷˣǼλڶԷ󳡵ǰ治
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ƽƽţԷƣڱĺΪ
Ӯ˱ʤģҴøˣʤ׷һ
ʤ֡ 

ԷԱԽԽ꣬ԱƵƵҺԱسɹ
ԱС޼ƿʩʹСȫΨһһ˫
ж۵ЬβҷԱмβȶҷԱĽš
֪ܶһʮΣյĶ 

ڸԷµʱѲˣʱһϷԵĳ档һ
õǺ󷽵Ĵ֮ѸƽƽԷţ׼Էһ
һʱԷһλʱϵĺµƻˣԷŽ
ŽסΪȥͣҸŽǰվסܵϣ
òȡ֣ҾлˡԷסˣûκλᡣ
תҷȥ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ԷŽΪܻɥʧ
ǣһһƨɡȻýż⣬ýű᲻صһ¡
˵һʮåͱµΪһ衣һعͷȥ
ս˫ȭŭĿӡǰϵͬѧҲΧ֪ 

Ժ󣬰͢ӵɶӳһֻϵ֮֡͢
ӮǴھҶλ߳ŭŽȴǽġħ֮
šеһڶ 

ʱ˹˫ŭĶԱһɢ 

Ϊⳡ򣬱仵Ϊ£֣ʦʶңԺѡ
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һֻΪһҳ˳ײˣ·һȳһյġ 

ҺͬĲ֪Ƿ˶ڵһʱ嶯
һأ

˵Щ

˵̫ڡа񡱡ֻ֪һɺϰˡ 
 

13 ִ

äĿжʽҵͬѧı֮һ֣
еִš 

һΰʹ˻û޴Ĵԭ
ӲҪһ׻˵ǡҲһϵİ
ʹŮ˫ŷ޴ 

ʱһѻ棬˱ˣԼ 

ݵһСø߿񣬼εҡҷ
ϸֱۣ²ûױҲ̨ܴϵŮ滨ˡܳ
Сܵϲͺصس֮һ 

ڹֺȻǡ 

ֺйĻǹ֡Ҫ˵Ҳ
˵һ䡣Ҽѧ˵ԿԳԳԵģһƬĺЦ 

ƫƫͰֺ 

û˵жȴѱ¶ֺ·ˮԱϴ
ȥ·ѱϴɹһˡ 

еͬѧܶһĵԣܲľͲˣµʱϴ
ľͲϴˣһдӼ򡣱ƲҪϴҲҪչһͰóȥϴȰϴ·
ȡһСˮͰУӦʮϴ꣬һһϾ
ϴˡ 

λֺͬѧһöС˵ģһһС˵
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֣ܾҲ 

йĻڴ 

ֺһһо͸ˡеʱǸб̨׵Ĵϴ
ΣǵһϡѧǻƵʦĿΣֱǰһӣ
żֺҴææشңʱѰռһλϿ
ͬѧǶĺЦֺȴ˼һȻԵ
ɵӡͬѧ 

ʱϸڲУеӰͬѧǾʹСеһȥۿʱ
ر˷ܣһҪᴰԼֺͬһȥ 

˭óֺﲻ䡣˳
һ㡣ֺﰮѧʸߣϰҲ˰֮ľ޴
蹵Ǵҿֺûǡͷһͷ
ȡ

Ҷ˵˵˼˵¶ô˵ 

ֻһԸֺ 

19751976йĸʱڣһжô˼飬Ҳ
һĹء 

ũϴѧܴѧŰѧ빤ũϡ㷭
硱ƵıˢѧУҡʳúУ칤ǽϺ¥
ң˽ŲҴңꡣ 

еģжȴҲܡѧϰùģҲ
ɵģҲа󡣸µİȻȴҲǴȻдĻ
俪ܰ硣 

ΨһȻѧУĹ涨˵һǰǸú
õͬһŮ̸˷ˣ˵еԭǳ˶
ѧУ»¡ڵ֧˶ܵ
д˼֡¶࣬ǡĵؽ
ׯǹĲҪʾԼᶼת˵¡ 

ֺġ顱Ҳһ޼աǴҶԤ
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ҵݵһǳֺ䵽ֵһǳ 

һˣ϶·Ҫô첻ɡǳ֪ôͿ
˽˻ĸޣǸ顣Ǹԭų˵
ҪٶԪİ⳥ѣʱļԪڵļʮԪˣԭ
֪Ѷˡ˭֪λŮͬѧһִŵˣԼĻȫ
ͳǸԭ䣬˵һ䣬ãˡ 

ڡճɾȻͬѧΪֵ 

Ǿǰ˵Ҳ˵ǾǰֺͿ

Ժһͬѧۻᣬ磬˺ȥտ
˵Ǹ˫˫Ǩտ꣬·;ңԶͲˣҪת
ͬѧǣһʺá˵ʺû⣬Ҷһ㡣
绰ǱˬʵЦҪˣܿˣѱɷˡ 

֪ʱ˵⻰ʵ黹ЦΪҵ֮ҾҲû
ˡ 

14 ˮ߽ 

ϲ֯ӾΣΪǼëϯ195817ն߽
Ͷγγ 

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һƬŨҶеľˡ 

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֯ӾΪһܺõĿӦü̳ͬ޹أ
԰һĳͷ 

ǵĶӾǴӱεϰͬѧҲǵúˣֳ
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Һðлѡϵͬѧְ˽ŵذ̧ȡůȴһ
¶ûУΪǰʱһֱǼֶӾģѧУҲϴˮ衣 

ļˬĳڵ߽һͷյɳ԰
ճǸطϰ 

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֣½ͬѧμӡΪγεİȫбϣ֣ΰʦ
ѧУμӳεȫͬѧÿɽɽϵһˮ⣨ڵ
ڰ߻һӾʱЪβ飬ܹľͿ
ձѡμ߽ˡ 

ǰһСʱĲⶨϴҶͨ뼸ͬѧ
ʣЪһֺˮһز㡣 

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˶鷽ũ鷽󡢽ž鷽˶Ա鷽󡭡һһ
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ǱϺ͹ľ 

ıͬѧȳˣС 

ʱӾʱӾ֮䲻֪ؾͬѧһεյ
ɳ԰ճ 

˰е͵ʦдңÿһ϶ʮ
أҺɳʦͰ͵ؿҫԼĹϺãȻ㡣
˵е㼱ˡһЦţһϣ˭˲ϴ
 

˵Ҳ֣˶ʮǰӣȴʮԺŲӡ
רҵҵĸӴһһ´ܸߵһ߶ԽŮе
һзϡߡ 

Ҫǣ˸õʣþʮ㣬ʲô
УʱȣһƵġ 

15 ҵĹ

빤򽻵ʱˣҪһЩѡҲһʵϰͽύ
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1976/77եںǳʵϰסڸóһϻĶ¥ϡ
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ǵѾװһЩ͹޺͹ܵ豸вͬѧΧ
豸һȦסܱµһš 

ұѹեװࡣÿʵϰ䵽ͬĸλڵ
һѧҾѹեʵϰˣӦַѹեʵϰǳ
Ĺպرһѹեǳһѹǳֹյ
ǰһʽեϵѹեᣬեѹե
ᣬһܱճۼˮܸᣬһ̨եеǷֺˮ
ȫե 

ǳйȻϷǹȴΪʢУΪ˼
ȫгùңԾΪһװõŵҪ
ǽʡ豸Ͷʺά޷ãڹҲרۣ֧
һ۵ġ 

˵Ǵε͵ǳʵϰǵһΣӦǳоҪ
ѧҪԴեϵнһιղ鶨רҵʦҪҸһ
С鹤 

ɻҹǵ࣬ǳҵ
һӰʱǻʵ﹤еܾȡתط
飬۾ͨ졣Ϊࣨ24СʱƷҪʵҪ
 

۹ղ鶨Ҫ˸֭ǷֺתǷ֣
СԲ񡣡ѹ豸оĿˡо
ѦعʦǵĲ鶨ʾͣҵҳѦͬ£
¹֪Ƿβ鶨йأǺ󻰡

һʵϰʶѡһѹեװİ೤յʦ
ʵϰİһͽʦհ೤òһҲڣ
෴еľګΪ࣬˵ֻɵЦλ
ͽܣ֣ۣЦֿ죬Եڲͬ 

ǵʦһλʦסһᣬλʦˮīɽˮ
μ汸 

ĸ￪źλհ೤Ĵǵõ쵼ʶӱǵ
ְ񣬺ӦƸҵθְнʮ򣬺졣
һ˵ķǡ˲ò࣬ˮɶԼ
˵Ͼȥˡ

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죬̸Լɹؾʱ˵ãں࣬
Խ׼Ϊ١Сӣûκγͷᡣ

Ǳһǲȱ˲ǿ˵ 

Ǹڰ׵ߵǷǲġǴҶһְҵ
ķչһεĴţѡ 

ʵͽʦôˡհ೤˵Ǹǳְ
سЩС⣬ЩʲôҲ 

ǳʵϰʱҼǵʦ˵¸ɲʱعͷ
ְ񡣵ʱܽкܶ쵼ɲŮӦ˵ͥ
ǸƻõｲƴӦǺܳġгԼ
²ϵѲЧ 

հ೤ʦԵǼƻתгʱ෴
ӣ˸̾ѡ 

רҵ䵽ол»صǳо
ǵλһоĿ豸оǳ
ѦعʦθĿˡ

ҾڡۻоĿ飬仳ʸ߼ʦθ÷
ĿˡʱмЭǹһλΤʦ
ɣܸɣǿܽϹʦͼϵ˼ѸٻΪжʵ
ʩҼĹ֮һ 

ʱΤʦηۻ೤Эʹǵ鹤
˳С

ΤʦΪ档

ҲΪͥãǸεһֱĬĬţ
־ 

ĸ￪ԺĸҵҲѸٷչһͨݳɳΪǳ
ĸΪһż¹ʣ;衣ӦǷչ
ݸеӹһְǣͰʮץס
ڴȥְº˵Ԫңҵɹһֱʡǳ
Ļеӹ⣬ӵһҴͻӹҵʲѹڡ 

Ժһǰͬѧۻᣬͬѧίд绰˽ԭ
ǳһλ˵Ľ֪һУд
ǰμӾۻͬѧʱһ͹ò͡ڼ䣬
֮£Ϊ֮ж 

Τʦǻӹ󸽽һ꣬ҶӶһμ
һ־Ըν̵ӢӪѧϰϢҽԶҾ
ϵΤʦܲúӵϢһ¡û뵽Τʦǳˬ
شӦӭҶ¿֮Ϣְʳ
ò͡ʹҶ˳ʮӢѧϰ˵
Ҷѧ;ȡһ㲻Ƶĳɼ벻Τʦ
ĺѵĹػͰ

һϰ壬Щѧ飬壬룬
ҵ벻ﶼˡ 

ҸΤʦһ΢ʺá˵ؿһĿ
ֳƬΤʦҴü꣬һֱôƴһƴ
ɡҵӡУһڷܡаĺˡ

ףҵҸ尲

16 Ұõ˶

壬ǿʣҪǿĥ˵ƴ˵
ġ 

ҵһϲ˶Ӿƹ

ﾶ˶˶Ļܲﾶ˶

ǰ˵һУҾͷǳӶ壬Ծܲη
֣ȻڰϹҪͬѧѧϰﲻҲ
ǺںΪҶΪ˱ҶΪҪ 

ѧУʱһǱԭбҵʱһĸ߶ȣȻ
꣬ȴһҲеԱʵӸпʼһֱӣʶ
ܲӾ壬ûϹרѧУԺ͸Ծˣ
ͬѧ棬ѧУܳ·ڣתߴկ·ƹ
վضڣȻܻѧУ۵ùǺС 

Σϵİ˰ױǵڶͬѧǵһǲ
ģЩϵУӶԱܲҡԴˣԼֶһ
š 

ܲһμӰϵӣӱϰ೤ϷΪӡ
ΪѾһˣУӶԱŲϺţͷ
ߣԳơӡЩһӡĸƨ棬ӣǵʱǰ
ͬѧһĻȥĦԼҲø
 

ǵ1976괺ǰڴǳʵϰʱǼͬѧ
ҵ壬һһ˸ͷʮ֡ۡҲ
֪ǳʲôʹڻһֱЦôһ˿˿ůĸо
ǵõʱͷͳЩϰ೤˵ĸôߣϧˡ
Լ̫򣬱ǶײΪԼ̫
С

ϰ೤仰ҺܴĹ裬Ӵ˾ϵͬѧһ
Ҷϲ򣬿¸ػǰϵĴգһզ֯Ҵ
İ೤ͰмУӶԱҵ򴿴棬ûκμ
ԺҵҲδ

򽲾֯Ŷӣһ֯úõŶҪȴĶպ
ƴ 

һֱȽϲƹУԱμӹȫרƹ
ڱУѧУɼǶʤӣܸڽУ
УӡҪǴδκרҵѵֻǿʱЩͱ仯
ļ֧šרҵѵĺ־ͺܿذˣһֱΪ
һ¡

ҵԺμӹΪæҲûлϵͳشƹ

˭֪Ժʮ֮䣬¼ƹ

17 ҵ 

ѧҪһҵƣǰһǵñҵ
ϵİɫǳУʱǳҪȥæͼ 

һǰԼŷѺʱɽݿԮһǳ 

ǳļƳΤҲУҵĴʦ֣ͷûٿ
ˣ˵е©磬˺ܺƣЦеģʱش 

ʱ·ݣȵҪǶסһųƽûеȣ
ûִĿյһ»ͼȲ͡Һû
ʲôԹԣ˹Ϣʱǻǳ͸ĹӴ 

һֳĸС飬ÿһС鸺һΣѹեΡ幤
ΡκǹΡ 

λ豸ͼҪÿһεĸ豸Լ֮Ĺܵ
ȫͼȥƽ沼ͼҲ沼ͼЩ豸İڷҪ
ߴ׼ȷߴ硢ߴ硢豸ߴһҪ׼ȷܰڷŵ壬һ
ĿȻ 

Ժ׼·ʱҲɡ·аڷżҾߣҲȻ
һŰʵʳߴСڷŵͼҾʱοʲôܲ
ŵ£һĿȻͼϵƱȽף˵Ķ
ϳߴ磬ڷŲ£̧Ʒתתȥȷֲһڵúáɼ
֪ʶҲתΪ顣 

С鸺ͼͼʱһݾǷߴ磬
ԭͼߴػʵʲߴ磿ͬһСĲͬѧִ
ʵʲߴ硣

ͬѧƽǳǹũѧԱеġˡΪǳм
ϲʸ˵ңܵʵϰָʦ״ 

ʵʳߴҲȥͬʱһǳԭʱĽͼ
涼ϸĳߴ磬һһ岻ȥ˼ƳΤ
ԭͼûб䶯˵ûб䶯֪ˣͬѧνʵ
ݺܿڳ豸ܵ÷ӣײɵĲ 

󣬰ҵƻչʱɸСѡһƵñȽϺõĴ
Сҵͼҵͼ׼ȷͼ࣬õ
ָʦǳһ¿϶֪ǲԺܹ䵽о
һӷأ

±Ƚ棬ҪͲһĳ£
һ·

18 ҵ 

ҵҲڰɫǳֳУڱҵ֮

ҵרҵʦ͹ıͬѧ֣ͬѧǳ
ȽϤƽʱͬѧΪʦ

һòãǵúʵǴӳ峵һ̨豸ϳ
δ֮⡣ʱʵ鲻㣬ش𲻳Ϊֽϵ
վǳҲû취¶ʱﰵ¾ģԺǳŬʵ
ѧϰɡǵһͬѧڰϳɼһ㣬Ƿ䵽ǳԺ󣬾
һեֵ೤֮Ľɫʵ̺豸𽥵Ϥ
һ򹫵ȥιۡһȦԳ
Ḷ́ܵ豸䣬渵ΪԺϳ
λ˼ʵļ

ѧУѧϰ֪ʶҪշҪһֵֵ̽⡣ 

Ҹ˾ã֪ʶѧģڶ̶̵רѧϰҪȫǳ
ȫպ豸֪ʶǸܵ£ѧУǿԶѧϰһЩ
ۣԼѧϰͨһ˵֪ȥϡ 

ѧУʱһװ΢ѧͷβһ㹫ʽ
Ƶѧ֪ʶҲѧУʦҪһǳͳһ
ĸճһȫ˽⣬ûлҲûҪÿһ
Ŀвʵϰ֪ʶͨģһͨͨһֻ
ҪϷһķۺͲκµķĿ
Լ̽Уڻͨ 

֪ʶϵĺձȶԼϸڵľΪҪǶһ
˵ 

רҵǸһɲҪÿһλλߣ
ΪǶǾλٮٮߣǶԸλϤ̶ʤÿһλʦ
Ϊһߣֲܾκһλ˵ÿһ
λҪϤرۻԭⲻҪ֪ȻҪ֪
Ȼ 

ԺȻûл䵽ǳоֺ۵İո
ΪҪΪоĿܻ仯ÿһµĿˣ㶼ôѧϰ
ռµϣжµݣоµоʵֵ;һ˵֪
ʶиߵҪرѧʹ˼ά 

аߣѧУҲҪ 

ǵõоԺṤҵشоĿѦع
ʦ˵һλ˵һĿоУϵľ
ڿϵľȣĿҲ˵ǰ߻ٷ֮ʮ
ľ߲Żٷʮľ 

Ļܷӳйʵ飬ҲƼһ
ɼйоҲκ飬˴򽻵ʵҪԡ
һУ˵ǳѧϰ֪ʶǻҪ˸
ʵĴ죬ȫ淢չԼۺ  

Ըӵᣬǲܹŵ˵

19 ҵ

ҵһ£ȫԼ

ķһաȥķԭ򣬿Ϊ˼
˲ԸӷìܣֻؼǴ󲿷ͬѧԸ

ϵȻӦǻصȥ

꣬ǳǳǹŽģһ
ǳаɳǳҲһСǳǳԭӵǸ硪
Ӻ硣ɽسǱȽԶдˮ··̡ҵʱ
мλͬѧáף˴ũҲ䵽ǳ

һڽǳǳũϵͳݲԶڶҳȥ
һ㡣

ڷǰרٻؼһΣԼǳȥ˾
ϵʶóһܹһﵥȥǳҵȥ
λܹܹæڳｨǳ˵ԸؼԸæ
ҪֱѧУ롣

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ҶԱҵʱһ鶼ܽС

оѧУˣܽеġ

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֣ΰʦסоİƼӢʱҲоֽо
ҵĸˡ

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ⵥλһҲǾԼģ˵رע⡣

ڵλˣƸ˫ֱӼ棬ģʲôֱӷ
ʺͽ

ʱƸ֪ΪʲôúأֱѧУ֮ǰԼ20ӣ
ǽҵ֧־ǿʦԼڽѧ¥ǰĴ󻨳Ա͸¶
ȥҪúùϧᡣ

ڽѧ¥¥ǼʽҾУУίε


һλͬѧҵֳѧУԼ
عĳṤеʱȸԾֳɷǹʮ֡
ǱҸЩ֪˷׼ɷǹ

˵ѧУʼѧУʦʵԱоҪˣת
ƼȥоЩ¶һ㶼֪Ժϰ೤
ʵ飬Ϊ뼸λʦĹϵܺãùϵʦһЩ
ʱȱİʲôģ֪ͬѧ顣

ϰ೤ԼԭǳģԭҲȥԭǳ


ǽʦرҪһУͬѧҵ
¶˼ʹϵԺ󣬰ͬѧξۻᣬеԱ
ɷ֪ͨùݡŻԼºƬ̼
ȫֲͬѧʱԼʵĲ㡣ҵЩľİ
ţͬѧ⣬ңҲЩջͬѧ꣬ͬʱжһ
Ƿͬѧꡰծ񡱵

20 ѧУ

ʵ𲻴󣬳˸˼츳֮⣬˵Ͳ
޴ӰҪؿǻ

ǵרǹרҵ

˵νṹԽߣԽ٣ܿܿרֻ
ṹеһӡǡҲűáרһһ
չ֣˾š

Ǳҵ꣬Ͼǻָ߿

ǰϵͬѧкܶ˶μ˵ĸ߿жλͬѧϣп
صԺУģ೤֮ϻѧֽרҵлϹѧԺ
ҲеĿڵһѧУģͬĳ½׿Ϲѧߵרҵѧ
ģѧϰίԱ½ȿϹũѧԺũҵеרҵĸеί
ûȥڶؿҲѧҽģ೤ҵУῼϹ
ҽѧԺ

Ƿ䵽оλͬѧУίίԱΤ绨֧Ƕ
־ӢңλμӸ߿Ҳ֮һҵǣûпϣ
һʹԭȻҲⲿԭ򣬱˵λ쵼޳
ȥûʱ临ϰѹԼҲûֱˮһսľĺʹ
㣬ΪϾȥԭλҲˡҪԭԭѧ
ϵͳһϿԴң֯ѧɢ֪ʶ

ѧϵͳ̣ṹĸڼ䣬Ǳഺȫʮ
ĸжȹѧУڼ䣬ǿι˧ͲμͶѧѧũѧ
ǲѧϰĻΪǡר·

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ԸϿʱп˵ڲѧԺǾͻڡʱûһ
λͬѧȰ棬⻰Сʦ꽲⻰ʱ̬
ؼǵáʦӢһλ߸Ӵ۾ŮʦܸΡ

˵ǶĸƷһλһ
˵ģʱûˣɳʱûѧˣʱˣ̸ʱˣ
ʱˣʱ¸ˡ

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ɳʱûѧˡָʮĸûѧʲôʱˡָҪ
ʱûйҪӣܶʳѡ̸ʱ
ˡ˵ʱᳫġʱˡ
ָӳʱǿҪֻһáŮոӣܰһ
òһ׵¡ʱ¸ˡ˵ӪҵġԱ
ЧĸʩԼԺĿƸĸȣͬѧкܶ˶¸ڻ
ڼҸУһ޳ɣѡ

רͬѧ໹Ƿǳᡣĥ£
ܶͬѧܿ쵼λеģе³ģҲܾҲ
ǰǣоίΡҲвͬѧתУηƳģд
˰ֹṤġͬѧഺõΪԼӦ
еĹס

ϰ೤磬ΪʱѾǳˣΪ
صƼнѧУġȻһصܵã
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ŬֻгѧȱѧϰʱŬǵϰд
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֣ȫֻСпñʼǱװɲᣬԹպ֮衣

ԺִǳְĽίְһֱгɾͬ͡ѧ
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ţǳУ֮󷢷ŬѸ٣Ⱥϳ쵼λ
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оǴѧͶܾһ
عо˲żüã᲻࣬Ϊרǿǳ
ȫеʵʾ鲻࣬еֻǸԵĶ۵Ķһ㣬
ϵĶ˽ñǳͬѧҪ࣬йҰҪǳ
ͬѧҪࡣֱĶͬе־µǰؿƼ֪ʶ
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¥µĵԱֵ೤˼֮ͻȫ̺
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ȻԺѧﶼרҵרҪԽԽǵ
ǳͷչĽ׶Ҫòɡ

ѧţ·

ָ߿ϴѧʡ

ҴûжԼʧȥģѧҲܹɲţ
ѧԣ߹ѧϰȡɹѧӢרҵҵƾ

оУܹϢ־ݱȽӣҪ֪
ʶȽϿҪѧǿÿһµĸλ㶼ܹѸٴ򿪾沢
չһˣԾ޻ഺ

Ժ󣬰ͬѧкܶҲǳ㣬ֻصչ;
ͬ顣ͬѧ֮ĻԽԽࡣ

𣬷ַֺϺϣϺϷַ֡רϵһ
ǩŹͬԵһţҲһݣ
ɹ֮·һ㡣Ϊ˶ԺΪǶר


21 Сõ

ȥһ 

ȫΪ籨ϵϢòǿƽ˵ġ

ҪҪһһѧУʱͿգֺǶο̹ĵ
פļ䣬˴֮һöе˸еͻ䣿 

е壬ȫȻûյƶͼǿ 

пհţһûһרʱѧУͷӰ
һĻһĻҵǰƮЩЩȴģ 


β

רѧϰһš

ҵ̸֮оϵҾ͵µλȥˡ
һһ򵥵ĵ籨дţѵо

˵21ꡣרѧУѧϰҲ̡һµ
̿ʼˡ

£ܸо꣬һת۵㡣

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ƴ𣿸ǰ룬ҵ겻飬ʹӱǣҲ
һܺõĹ缴ʹݻеô

ʮȥǽоȽʺҵԸ

˵Ըϲöϲ˷ɣ˹ܡ

оĹʴʱǿԲӦö˼ģɶ飬м
רо

ѧֹ̽Ŀռ֮ϲĹͷΧ

ʮȥĸУУ԰

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ʧŵһˮڣ̹½һĺɻءУУ
ַֺϺϣϺϷַ֡

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ЩʵףǵһѧͬѧǺǣ̸
ЦǴ֣ǴҴææ緢

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Ȼ

˾ڣһѳ׷䡣ڵʱȴһƬãȻ

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Ρǻõ㽡ٵ£Ƿǵʧֻʣ׷
䣬ڵʱֻãȻɣ

ˣףʧȥˣ֪ϧ㯺ͼ
֣

ߵߺǣҲĸҾ˸࣬Ȼ
мҪ˵:

ĸУҰ㡣


͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ͱĹ£إšʮ

                      ʡ

إţڼ

1990ѧһĵ1990424գ֡
Discoveryźɻգǹװһ̨̫յ
ԶִѧΪ̫ԶHubble Space 
Telescope

ʹѵõĺҹʹںǧ׵ĸɽۣ֮
ԶܵӰ졣㲻˴ǹ⣨΢
⡢ȲεĵŲҼ΢ҲƬģ
ʧִľƬӳվ֮Զľ
ﵽޣΪϰ

1920ոʱִػһܽ
Զ̫գװѴ㡣1946꣬32˹Ƥ
Lyman Spitzerģϵͳز̫Զơһ
浼ʦص˹̨̨Ҳ˹ܿȺ˾۱ʵ
ҵĴʼˣʮ꣬һֱƶʵ֡

ľƣԶйĶĥѡ1986ꡰ
սߡŵʹɻͣ࣬ԶҲòڲֿб
ꡣڽֱ־ƬƬɢ⡢ģ
ûﵽҪ1993꣬ܽEndeavourźɻٶù
ϵĹԶԱһӵ̫ղΪһƬ
۾֮ĹԶڴŹʣڿѧŽ湦
ḻʵƬÿѧĴھ޲ѡ

죬ᵽʱָĴ̨Զǽ
100ǰѷɽϵλУΪ˵Ĺĵ뿪磬
ڵûºۼ1990ĹѾѵ
̫а裻Ļ飬棬׽ռԶ
Զŵ΢ǹ⡣



1996꣬˹ٽ250Уٰ֮һϵл죬
ѧüһáɡƤ˹ѧҡԣ
ͼ˹ǰ˹̹е泣Ǵ
֤дڵʡʲԽƽ̹Ҫ泣æ

ʲۼҵһ֮ۡתأ
Ŀûоۣʾ̸̸ңԶǲĽ

ΪѧҵĹϵٶϵͼʾϵ
ԶǶȥٶǵľݵ㹹һֱߣȡȻ÷
طɣͼǱͼȹϵ
ɡֱߵбʱǡĵ

ʱޣҲ൱ͼݵ㷢ɢ
ֱ֮Ϊǿ²˵ȹϵʵǳ
Ը֮ļʮɣһѧԽԽ
ݡԽԽԶľ֤ʵ˹ɡ1920ɭܼ
뵽1990׷ļڹⳬǣͼϵֱ
ϵ죬ʷĿ顣

Ȼڻó߿ųҲٶ쳤
ģֱϡƤ˹ʾЩݳǸոջڹĴ
泣۾ˡ

ɵȹϵһеһ
е棬κٶ֮ľȡ滹
һʽճ鲻߱أʱ䡣

Ϊޣ̧ͷ̫ʵֻǰ˷ǰ̫ͬ
ڹ֮ⳬǵ⡢ƸǴĲǽ뿪ǵ
ȣǼǰ֮ٶȡȻ͵ٶ
һ㶨䣬ʱʹ޴ҲûӰ졣

ڴըֻ֮ǹԵͣٶȻᱣֺ㶨
㹻ȣͱܼڽĳ
ʱתΪ̮ɡƤ˹ţлһ泣
෴ãôҲܻ١

Ҫ֪ΣǿԱȽңԶԶʱٶ
ֵڹͼϣԶݵǷٵֱߡ
ٶȲ㶨ݵһԵƫֱߡһ
ƫڼڼӿ졣

ص߿ųǻ϶ڹͼֱϡϸƽϣǻ
΢ƫͼһࡣΪݴ˺ǴһΪ泣
öڼ͵档ͬʱҲָЩݵ̫󣬲ȷ
еĽۡۻڼǼӿ죬仯΢΢ǻ
ҪҵңԶϵĳǣֱܷԵĲ졣ȻҲҪ
ȷĲֶΡ

ʲûзصĽĲȴòԼ




ΪҪ͵֮⣬Զر޴Ŀھ2.5ף
ʹõĺԶͬСڲܴΡţҲû
ƹȾԶƬȻõϼھԶ
ҪȷزңԶĳǣԶƺǲ֮ѡ

1990ԶѾҪѧɣҹҹ
ؽԼСǿ̺䡢򼱡µֹĿ
ӼƵԶϵͳؽһΡѧҿ
İ칫ԼͨԶңԶ

ԶĹԶȻֻͨԶ̲й۲⡣

ԶǾֹڸɽϣǡ̫գÿ90
ƵһȦĸšĿĲ쳣ӣʱ
ע˲ϢķλⱻڽĵסߣҪֱ̫
䡣Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ʹùԶѧҪһǰ۲ƻ
ύģϸ顢ȷһʧͨдɼ
򡣵ϵĿÿϴһָԶһڵ
ǲѾʱ

ֵĳǲڹԶļƻ֮С

ȴġѾѰҳǵġˮߡʽ
ҪСܡָĴġǿ趨ùԶڹ۲
Ȼһǰֱι۲⣬п϶гǳ֡

һײʲɵǹϡΪԶʱȨ
֮һʲɳšָԶʹǽеԶ޷ʤε
Ĺ۲⣬ûҪΪ˷ѡðաַĸʮ
صĴ¾һзͬʱ͹Ŷ
ṩʱ䣬һˮƽʲҲͲٷԶùԶ۲ⳬˡ

ֻŶ֮ĻԹּһ㡣ѧϣٿ
ʲͬʱ֡



ع꣬˹ǹоڷǵʱ
еĵһųݡһ죬ʦʲõɺ͹˹߽İ
ң㱨һ½չͻȻֵλѧˣ˹㷲
ĽȻףڹͼϣĳǲֱϣҲӦ
ڵһ࣬䵽һߡ

ˣ෴ĽϣġоΪ
ؽֻͣǵĵһγԣʵ顢дҲ̫
֮ɿ

߿ųǵһ19977ʽͬʱʹ
ùԶĹ۲Ԥڵĳɹṩ˴µĳϻȡ
ĸ߾ȡɿöݡǣǰ߿ǵıֲһ£
ڹͼֱܵߵһࡣ

ϸ˲飬ǷֵµĳиһʵIaͣӦ
ȥʣµǿµĻ̵ԭųŷһ
µֻǹ֤ȴǹԶĽԭļŵС
öࡣǷΪƷոѾǵĽۣ

10³εĽΪùԶǱ
һشͻƣǲ䵽ֵĺ档ȻӼͬʱҲ
ġƪĶǿ˹ԶļƣԳǵľ
Ȼ֮δ½ۡ



˹ҵѧʿ󣬼ݴ
ѾѼ̷޸ġ顣ȻԽԽţĳܻ
ִشڹͼϲӦõһࡣ

ѧΪĹʮɢԱ鲼ص̨ʩ
ؽӰȥ˰Ĵǣ̨Ŷӵϵ
ȫĵʼ֮ʱӵԽ绰˹ʩر
еĵʡ绰ϵÿһ㶼ҪԷж˲顣Ϊʾ
һϵезֱԡϣ˹ǰѧ
ҸϣMartin Fleischmann˹Stanley Ponsĵ
ü򵥵豸ʵµĺ˾۱䣨cold fusionɾ޴䶯
ʷͻơܿ챻֤ظΪѧһ׮š

ʩÿο˹ʼ硣֪˹
ᡢϸ£ŻһδεóĽۡһһ
֤ɢǵһţļųǵȷڹͼ
һࡣͬʱҲõǱߵĽҲڷ仯Ϣ

ͬΪˣ˹ڲǰһ֣ȡЦ
ԷڳĿϵĲ㡣֪ڳǵǲܸ϶ֳǰ
ĽȣԼļ㷽Ըһȡʤеʱ
䡣ܹܵ˫ĳ̣յѾ

ھѹ֮⣬˹һʱޣ1998110ս顣
1997ףԼΪʥڼڶһ˵İ칫ҹҹ
ġ14գ˹Ѳݸĸʩġ8գʩػŵã
泣

ʩغ˹ڸԶǿţ99.7%Ŀ
ȷġٶȼȲ㶨ҲûΪڼ٣Ϊ
ǲĳǶڹͼм͵һࡣֻɡƤ˹
˸泣͡

漴ݺõתĸȫԱ˹æ͵Уؼ
˻ûѧҵݣ°ģԡ˳㡱
ȥ̨æ;ٶ·ǿܵ칫
򿪼鿴ʼѾ˴Ҷĵ׸ķӦֺ֧ͷԵ
ΰ롣

ֱ˵żǵĵʦʲɡʼд֪
ǴġǵڸҪ

ʲɶزòŷĽȣûι
Ⱥ켣ĵˡҲԼͽ˹ʩΪ
صϣ˹ĸѾ߾ȫĻǲܹ
ǵĽۡǰΪĿύʽĸǡIa
ǡ͵ļ١

ʮǰʲо1987AǵԴʱһò
ѷĽܲԸظǸ泣ôһ
صʷԸϡظոΪһųǷǰŵĽ
ϲŸոĿųǣִٷ˺ܿҪǺã

»ֵ£˹ԹԵдһⳤĻţٴ
ġӦʲ˵ȲҪҲҪԣӦ۾
ϾǶѧҡ

żͰӶȥˡӱԹʵԺ
ǲǶʱҪĹʱ˹ش𣺲ᣬᡣֻ
һΡǲһ



ʩ˹ã泣ʵһ죬
ѧ档ڳļ߽ܣѾ40ңԶ
ݡҪ֪Ĺޣȥѯʵѧ
Ҷѧҡ

40Ӧúѧʱѧ֮ѡ
ûǿҪĲĹޱܹͨѧֶ
ʶĹޡ

Ǽڸ˶ೡѧ档չʾԽԽࡣ
˹ͬǺ̵ĳҲܵ˹ͼϵһࡣΪ
شʼûֱ˵ؽҿڼܡǴ
ϣ͹ŶӶֻĽֲ̮Զ
ȥ

222գһλ档Ķѵѱ䡱
ŶӵķƣAlex Filippenko棬ŵÿһ
һΣػֻᵽǵп泣ڵ֤ݣ
Ȼûȷ京塣ظݽ֮ǰ
õŶӵȨչʾ֮ٺǣرң
ԶǵĲζڼ١

Ȼº˾۱¼ʱķڼҲһ𾪿ѧ
ش֣ýĺ䶯˹ʩءʲɵһʱΪص
̨׷ǡǵĸڸ󱨿תءʩػ
ķӦһ뾪һ־塣ѹûϵõһۣ־
Ϊѧ粻ܽôһۡ

Ǹʱ̣ŶѾ42ųǵݣֻ16š
еֻвһ룬˾߱š˹Ļ˵
⼸ֻڹڳԽֻӡ˺ܲԡŦԼ
ʱ߱ԹǼֻ֤ǵĽȴڹϷӮ


ʲҲڡŦԼʱɷбԵĸиţ֪ǿ
ɶǼʡ

͹֧һʼʹڻݡһ
֮Сҵľڶ̶̼ڿ˷ѡѧ¼Ԫ
ǿĶ˼ǣǻȫʽҲ
ջ

ʩصĿ־岻ǿѨ硣Ǽѧҡѧ
ʶһֱٶȺ㶨ֻܻΪ΢ļ١û
ͬ泣Ĵڡͻ١뷢ݵ츸ǲ
ͬһ¼޷ظ˶ԣ˸ȡˡ

͹ŶӸԶѰҵͬĳǣʹȫͬ
ĲݴֶΣ֮ûΪסȴ;
ͬ飬óͬġȶûԤϹĽۡⲻܲŷ

˵ŶӵĽǡĺin violent 
agreement



Ŷ֮ľҲûΪǹͬĳɹ֮ʮ
Ϊ˭һ֡˭ȹȵڶϴ
ıī˾ڹԴ󽱵֮ʡ

ֱ2011꣬Ѿôغʩء˹Ϊʷ
׷ŵ

                  ʮϵ

1998ףѧ־͵ķΪȵĿѧͻƣ
һŵİ˹̹档

Ǹ׷Ʈݵİ˹̶̹ﴵһԽԽġ桱ƺ
Ĵ졣ʵѰ˹̧̹Ϊ͵ľ߷
̺塣

˹̹ΪȲҲڹ۳
еһ泣ʵǰϷ
Զѧϲ׸û뵽泣ڼʮ
ҸȼΪ͵Ķ֤һٴ

104գɺƤ˹1920ɳͿµ˹ʹۡ
ͬһһ±ۡ1990ѧҸһ´ͳ
ھٰ졣ԭƻƤ˹ʩķDavid Schramm泣
ڵĿԡʩķǴըѧңǸҵԱ1997ף
ڼʻԼķɻؼ;в׹ѡ

ΪʩķͬºѣɽĽɫⳡҲͬʱΪ
ʩķʽ֮һֻͷ֮泣ĴѾ
۵ıҪ귽ٵ²ɴһ⣺ı
Ѿ𣿣The Nature of the Universe: Cosmology Solved?

ΪصİʱһС꣬á
泣ֿ̫Һ岻壬ټļǷΪ
˹̹泣Ҳδۣɴؽdark 
energyܼ͵İֱӶӦΪһڴ֮ǰ
֪ȴƶ͵֣
Ͽʵ飬ͱ㷺ܡ

˵1998ǻʱġۣ֮ʺͰѾ
ܹǵ档һ꿪ʼѧΪһžȷĶѧ
Խıʡ뵱µ˹ڿҪݡγ
Աȡ

Ƚ͵Ƥ˹ƽƽָֹֻܹۡݽ
緢óͶӰչһϵԼֻͼƬ
ʤⳡۻϳһ˵ıݡ

Ȼȷ֮ǰǻһսûİʡ
ж١ζ



1936괺һ죬һİ߽ѧſ챨Science News 
Letter־༭óһָ壬Ҫڹеһ·֡

༭಻ġѧҡ˾ռߣòؽӴ
ӢܲרŴ˸ѷ롣һ̸ཻ˽⵽
¶Rudi MandlڵĽݿˡһսʱڰµӷ
ۣ²ǵԼӻάҲѧҵù
ѧλ룬ŷ޶ˡ
һҲ͹ݴı

¶뷨ֱ˵ٵȫʳ۲֤߻Ϊ̫
䣬߱⾵䡣Ӧÿ̫͸ۼ۲̫
ǡ־༭뷨޷ᡣǳǮŻ
ƱԼȥ˹Ұ˹̹ۡ

417գȫĿѧڼ͹ݻơֱ
Եｻ̸˹̹ûо¶뷨ֵΪ
1912ĥ͸gravitational lensing⣬
ʱûйۡ

ΪʵΪ۲еġ˵٤ڱ
бͬǵͬʱ֤ʿµ
Ȼ˵ûиݣʵ鱾ȴסΪţѧУ
ȣļٶɷȡе˶
޹أҲ׷ν롰ĸ𣩡

ʹûĹ⣬ҲԱΪͬ˶켣Ťת
ֻڹٶȷǳӰƫֱߵķҲͷǳС

ڰǴԶǰ˹̹֡¹ѧҸ͵ϣ
Erwin Finlay-FreundlichԶ۲1914821յȫʳ
֤ǹ̫Ӱ졣Ҹ漴ĵһս˾в
ᡣֱһս󣬰ٲ1919Գɹȫʳʱĺ
λã֤ʵߵʱȻԤĹ
ȱȾѧһӽٵĹ۲

Ǿѧǹۣ̫Թߵġ䡱΢΢û
ĵ͸áԣʹڰ֮󣬰˹̹Ҳûĥ͸
⡣¶ʱѾ20ǰ⣬һһʮ
شͷƵһ顣

¶ؼҺǻͨŽֻº󣬰˹̹ƺʧȥ
Ȥٻظ¶Ƶ̽ѯΣ¶ٴ򡶿ѧſ챨ȣ
Ҫȥһߡ־ȥѯʡ˹̹ܿظǵģǵģ
¶뷨е˼׼ġ

󣬰˹̹ѧ־ύһƪһҳƪС
ÿġۡĿСûа¶ΪͬߣԵһ˳ƺͺ
ļҳʽƪǰ¶ңҪҷһӦҪ
ļݱʼǶԸƪ̶̵ϸ
͸ԭǿĹ۲쵽һ

˹̹Ͷר༭ͣҸлǵĺƪС
Ǳ¶ӲġûʲôֵǸһ
ˡ"Let me also thank you for your cooperation with this 
little publication, which Mister Mandl squeezed out of me. It is of 
little value, but it makes the poor guy happy."

Ͼǳ԰˹̹ƪûʲôֵĸ1936124յ
ѧ־Ϸ

͸ĸʵҲڰ˹̹ţٽѧ󲻾þ
Ϊ¶ĵġӲŵö֮ѧ
ڿԺ󣬷͸йصĽﶼ밮˹̹




ƶ¶Ȼֻڰ˹̹¹ơһ
㷺ϵڶңֻа˹̹¡ϵл
ߵ繫˾Radio Corporation of AmericaRCAĶʦ
Vladimir Zworykinæڷӻذͷת
ѡѧ

ԼƵĹֵϾеļֵ˹̹
ѧҡֻ̫ĺǣ͹͸ЧӦ
۹Զöࡣоϵɼڡʮڿźɣ̫
˼ڱǣϵлոշ֡İṩ


ԼȤʶ͸ļֵڹ۲
ңԶǣǷ۲⡰͸ܹ۲쵽͸Ч
֮ĳ̶ȣ൱׼ȷΪ͸Ǹϵ
ڲֲ³͸صϵתٶȷֲƣһȷ
ϵ¡õķ

ڰ˹̹֤͸ʵֵһ
ƪͬʱָ͸ΪѰҰʵֶΡȻû
ԼĴʵǡǵһ
ǰʷ̫ࡣ



1979꣬ڰʸ𽥱ʱѧҵһڹ۲ңԶ
ʱ͸ЧӦѧҺһ͹Сɴ˽
ʵ

Ҫʵ͸ãΪ͸Ҫṩ㹻
ԼԶķ빹һֱߣ÷Ĺ⴩͸ӹ壩
ڵûа취ݺǡϵλãֻܱصȴ
ѰҺʵʱΪʲô͵ϣٵ˱ȴȫʳĻᡣ
Ϊʱֻ̫͸ֻȫʳס̫ǿʱܹ۲
ԶǵĹ⡣

ϸ˵͸Ǹ͸ճ͸ͨ͸
ǸݹѧԭĥƵģ԰ѰԶƽйȫ
ۼһ㡪㡪ϣ𵽷Ŵǿáǡϵ
ߵƫȻģûһضĽ㡣˵Դ͸ɵ
ֱϴǽ㣬ֱۼ˴͸ͬĹߡ򲢲
Ҫĳضʱܹ۲쵽͸ֻҪԴ͸һʱ
пܡң߼ιϵ΢죬ܹ۲쵽ͬͼ


ѰҲ֤ʵǱ̫ڵĺλĻû̫ڵʱ
ƫơΪǵĹ̫߱ƫۣӳġߡ䵽Ļ
΢ͬĵطǺǹߴ̫һͨʱƫ۶γɵӰ
ԭĺλԶ̫ķŲһ㡣˵Ѿ㹻ˣΪ
ûȥѰ͸

ȻǵĹͬʱҲܴ̫һͨ򡣼簮
ͬʱ㵽ߵĹ⣬ῴͬһǵӰֱ̫ࡣ
ͬʱ㵽Ǵ̫ͨĹߣͻῴĸӰ
ͱΪ͸ġ˹̹ʮ֡Einstein cross

̫γĶԳ̬̫Χ򶼻ᴫ
úǱƫ۵Ĺ⣬ڵһϡʱܹ۲쵽ĺӰһ
Բ˹̹Einstein ring

̫λʱڱ仯ȫʳĻּ٣Щϵ
밮˹̹͸Ľһʵ֡۹
ſ̫ϵ֮⣬ңԶϵ͸۲ңԶϵĿԱ㲻
ãڹԶǿ£Щ¥һչʾ
ǰ

ţοĲֻЩþͼȻԤϣ
͸1990Ϊ̽ⰵʵҪֶΡ

1988꣬ѧ̩ɭTony Tysonڹ۲пһ׳۵Ƭ
һԼ50ڹϵţһڸϵЩ
ϵֻƬϵ㡣̩ɭע⵽֮⻹һЩӰʶ
ԸϵűϵűһԶϵĹ⡣Ǹϵ
100ڹ꣬ĹھǰϵʱܵӰ죬γһ
ǿ͸

̩ɭģģϵеֲ
ͶԸԶǹӰ죬ع͸״ͨʵʲЧ
ȣϵŵֲ

ֲͼ͵ĳǱÿһһϵڣ
ܼ˾ڼ֮䡪Ҳϵ֮䡪Ҳ
ڡӾеȫڰ֮ӦǿտҲޣȴ
Ȼ൱ֲ

ʵϣȻЩطܶȲϵڼ崦ôߣռݵ
ռ䷶ΧȴöࡣˣЩϵ֮ɢġ
ϵпɼѰ40

³͸ͨϵתٶ֤ϵа̩֮ɭĳɹ
ʲѰڵϵԡûѰʵ
СÿѧŰڵġʱ˿Ҳɢǵ
Χ֮УǶȻ

ڲ֪ʵĴڣѧһ̽Ĺߡͨ
͸ǿԽԽȷزⶨϵϵеֲ
ĺǻ泾ǿڡѰʡĺڶֻǲѰ
İʡֻҪǹסã͸

ɴˣѧа취ΪϵأҲͶеֲ
׼ȷʶҲĵѧ뾫ȷѧҪ
֮һ



¶밮˹̹͸ʱһļ룺Ҳȥĳ
ʱ̵ôһ͸Ľ⵽ǿҷ䣬
ﲡҲǿĩյԵɡ˹̹û
ơʽ뷨ʡ

ûٴ˹̹ڡѧϷƪСĵȷ
һˡ¶Ȼ˼Ĵĸַ졣
ÿóƪ£ڳһֵܵ밮˹̹Сͷ
ûܻãȥʱĬĬ

Ƥ˹ɵı۽ʱֵѧҸգMargaret 
Gellerع˵80ǰɳͿµ˹ʱûը
һ£80ѧһǽĸ
ڳѧͶƱϿʱֻһո
ġδʶģ͡ɵ컨׹û˵ԼͬС

µģ͵֮ǰǻ빹ƽʶ档һ
ʡܾȷеۡ




ڱ༭
Уԣƽ
󡡸壺ӡƽ̫Ӧҡ硢ꡢ
֧֣塢٣졢
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