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20.07.08-14.ûи
20.07.15, ˿20207º
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ȣƣΰ󣬶տԭģԴ
ԴϵرǧâԵ֭ҺҲǷԵ⣬ʵʵů
ң͸͸ҫҡ

ʲѩĴɽ֮һҲ繫ϵɽӺٱ̡
̡ӡȽ̺͹ǽ̹ͬ϶Ϊġڱ̵Ľʲ
ǱʥʮνƣǹͨɽشΪʲ
ɽģӡȽҲΪʲʪоͬ
ڽڣ۹Ժͷɫش˷£
ɽ£ҲġȻ뾫
ˮ齻ڵɽǷ׵һУſԼ飬źͼ
ţһ·ΧתɽԼǸԲʹ;еҲΪԼ
˵ġ

ҵһϸ˽תɽתʽǰɻؼϣ
ԵһİĲˣϲŵຣ
ݵһ㷨ԺԺͬǵϲμѵѧϰġ˵ش
кܶɽʥЩɽʥԼ࣬Ʃݾڵ
ɽ˵Ĳᵮ꣬ڲת
һȦʮĹ£൱תʮȦǡ
꣬ʥ׿Ӻı꣬ת׿Ӻ
ӵ׿Ӻϣתݣ֪ƣ롣

ѩԭĲ񣬴һʼӶ͸ߺȱ
滷ŲӵĶȻеķ׵硢ѩɽ
緢ֵǵУĪǱ
ֲ¡۷ӵȻ
ηԼߵÿһɽÿһÿһÿһƬɭ
жס֣׵һУϲ
ݣʶγ˶ɽʥĳֶɽʥ
ڴȻֻعڴȻڲͬĿУɽԶԭ
ᵹԶԷԴȪǵ˵Ƕ
ꡣɽͺͨƾ봴
ǰɽ塢ˮӰչ˵ǰ
ĳݣȻгƽϵˡ
Щɽʥʵؼ¼뱣ʥʥַǹͬΪش
һ֡

ڲÿһɽĻÿһס飬Щɽͺ
֣һĴ˵ͬΪ飬
ǵעӺͻ£ǿֵػšǵѾܲɷ֣
ǵ壬ǵҲԼִŵķʽ
ŶǵľηִֵؼţԼɶ̬ȣǶԼ
ɶ̬ȡΰɣľĵض˵һڵοڴ˽
ʱҹۿľվƮƮƹɽ
ԱЦڳ˵ΣȴûЦ֪ڲ񻰴˵УǱ
ǷޣеһԼԸĸ顣ɣܹ˵
һɽһǷޣһɽĶӵȡЩ
񻰴˵ŲɣͬҲŲɣû˭ԼڿϺ
ѧ֪ʶվɺ֤α෴ڲͬм
ഫʻһɣЩεصɽʥ


˵ô࣬ʵҪ˵תɽתɽŲش̵Ĳͬ
һзʽһҪʽҲճеһʽ
أΧѩԭЩĿеɽ˳ʱ뷽ͽ
Уһߵ׵ؿŵͷɽˮȻۺľ۾ͣ
ŲɣĵͷϵҾᦵȣϵؼݺ͹
ԼʥأȻ顢ڽ̵ľηͳ֮飬
Ϊ޳תøϴڽһش̵תɽҲ
ʥԼĽŲԼҲ·ϲͣ
սԼ弫ޡһֻӥֱһͬڲϵߺ
ԼͨһȦһȦתɽԼ΢ǿһһ
¡˵תɽһȦϴȥһתʮȦ
µ֮࣬תһȦͿڽɷ졣Ϊȷ
Ŀ꣬ΪԼʯͬԼѪ֮һһ
ε̤תɽʥ֮·ڿտ֮䣬ѡ˿ĵͷһ·ǰУ
ڱĥµͬʱȴԽԽڲһ
ͬһԸ˵ȥݷʮ񣬾
ʲתɽʥɽעӺͼ֤£Ŀеģ
ԼϵĽӡӰ

ɫƲԽԽŨ񣬷·һֻ˶Ƥڴ
ˮץסԼڲס³׹䣬ǡס˸ʲǰǸ
ķַƺںʮͣˡЩƶûиƽƮ
Сɽϡ嶥䣬ƼƯˮϣɫ
Ҳɢվɽ棬ʱ̧ͷǸɷ嶥ֱ
µľ޴һҲݺṹɵַƲȴסһ·
Ǳʥɽ壬Ȱ߷塢壬ǰĸʲ
룬صɴڸסǵͷݡܹǣ
Ϊһи顣

ڱԺӵĴſ࣬һɫļ׻巿ɽ
ɽ¿꣬ڤ˼ɽõ֡Žȥ
ͨ͸һ䣬ذһСÿˡ
һ˺һŮˣûڳԷ
ǰһ·רȺܾˣк
һҷֱ治ĴȻһ·ԵڵĴˡ
ҳˣ߳Աһߵ˵Ż˵˵ž˵ɽ
˵תɽҸоһйµˣҹܹɽ£һ
ɽйصЩ¶ڴģԼ˷
ˬشӦˡ

ط¼ʺͱʼǱȣȥˡڿſڵһӣ
ԶʼǵĽ̸һͨò֣ͨ
ʮ꣬ڼ꽭ϵбѧǵ繤ϼҵú
͹ֵ繤ְԼҵаˮ簲װ̣ʧܺ
תп͹ݡ˵صԵ֣Ϊáú÷2001
꿪ʼѽܣפʨȪϿݣ
غأ̿ұݡҲϼҴһ֧Сװ޶ӣ
ÿһұݿʼˮ簲װѾشʮ
ͷˡ֪ĸߺȱԼɴ˴ĸԭԭÿ궼Ҫƽ
4500׵İصԼǸڱճСңٴ£
һڵʮһѮѮЦʱĻָڣ
ڶηιܽ޲յǼ꣬Լ
װ޶Ӹ˼ˮ簲װ̣ˣȴûõǮۿϼ
ЩΪòǮز˼ңļǣݣһ˵
ҪǮ֪أһ굱еʮʮһ¶˰ֱ
õǮϻؼҿǰ÷
ɽ¿ݣſڴһ׻巿

ɽ¿յصĲͬ⣬ӴĶЩתɽ
ݵˣԲͬӶࡣҲкˣһЩˣǷֱ
ӡȡᲴǡ˹¹ءڵתɽĻ
ߣתĿĺȷΪ˶תЩڽߣ
ĶҲǲش̡̣Ǳ̡ӡ
̣ǶתԺıסޣĲԷÿתɽ
һƵģӿôˣеķ䣬ʱҪ
ԺסޡǴŸԷ糾͵ĽŲҲŸԵķɫԣ
ĲཻŶɽʶŶɽĳԼԼ
ʼתɽݵڴ·ǲԷģΪ
˵ЩһһȻվһߣ
ú棬еЦԼͷԡ񡱵ɽ壬
̲ħܹǲԶǧĽ£Ͷ
ĻԿĳͷķʽĤݡԿ϶ǣǲ
ظ㿴˵οͣǵĽŲǵ壬ǽ飬
ûһĸꡢæܣеĵƶϡ
֡Щ۾ӡ󣬲ǶЩ۾
Σһɽ嶥һɽеȪˮһ峺
ֻϴ飬۾

öˣҲöˣǣǣɺת
ܣһֳ嶯ʹͬУɽ£ɽ׽ÿ
Ѯ;Ѯתɽʱ䣬ʱɽķ缾꼾Ϣ
ģһһȵ꼾ͷ缾ɽ·ϣתɽ߷ӵŴոԵ
ͽɽߵתɽ֮·µɽ£͸²ݳϸ
ҰݺҰðѿǳǳһأձޡɽ
·ԣһͺǴոĲͬص
ͬġеΪתɽṩס޷㣬еתɽ߱ΪԼһ·
ĳͷתɽʱסޡƸʲתɽ·̺;Ĳͬһ
ΪȦȦ·֮໥ֿġȦȫԼ33ɹ
ݺ͹ʥʥַ࣬ǿתҲҪ˾ŸСʱ
ɽ¿ѾȦת߰ȦҪÿ²ѩ
ԡȦȫԼ52.5ȫʮĸɹݺ͹ʥʥַ
תɽߴת·һ߳·˵ǴӺʱʼ
ЩĲͬԼţȺţʱԳϢ
ĺ񣬻һЩ򵥵üҵһٽظţ;һ
߷һתɽö֮߳һתɽ··ϣ˵
ӡţӡε໥صǺϣ˵εͶڵϣ
һµûܵϵһǳϦ
ģ˴±ţůǵˣһתת
ȥûתɽֱתԼ׷żڵı飬׷Ϫ
Ҳ׷ŲɫǳǨͷǱͶճһ
ɫëͺɫţë֯ɵڶ䣨ʯ֤ͼ¼һ
ɰǧû۸ĺһֱɽ£ʼ
Ŷɽĳ뾴ηתɽһһϰͼԼ
˵תɽʥǵҲı񶨾ӵ㣬
ǴӵɽԶˣȴ˸׽ɽˡһֱûϰ
б˸ȡõǸŽžˣûмԺõţ
·ҲˡԺȴʼתɽ·
۾ɼǰ·˳˳ת

ǿ̬õĳǿ¿߳תɽ·תһ
ȦȦʮСʱѾܹսļˡϴԷ
賿Ӵӱݳʱ½һЩͬҲˡϲ
м䣬һתɽʱʱضܵһǿҲ
ҳ񱻴ѩˮһ¡һС
ȫһ˫ź˿̼תɽߡǰ
ͷתɽߣҲǿͷתɽߣԶ˱磬ҲԶ
˱ߣϵвͬǰУ
ǲش̣ϸ˳ʱ뷽ߣɽʼұߣҲ
вͬӭǶǱڣʱ뷽ߡһ˳һ
棬ΪìܣǸиǹ죬ԶУȴײֻ
أΪ˸Եȱ;ηϵظ˵šա
۲شڻǱڣӦһǡա΢Ц
еһСһתɽЩҲ߰⾰һҳڲסͶ
˰ƴΣԵøСˣֻ۾ȻߵϪˮ
еӤУҲǵĸױתɽˣſԼĸǰ
ļϣתӣȸ۾˿̽ͷԽĸ׵ͷ
¸Ǹͷǿ϶ΪɶҪͣߣȴ
εؼסһĻΪǶ㣬½չļ䣬
ֻǶ졢ḻ

һתɽĴ棬ҲЩĺͺ£Լת
ɽߣ·̧ͷɽ·ҪɽǶȡĺС
£תɽ棬ͬƯںϣһһطӿʱ
£ʱ̧˼⣬ֱߵ5600׵׿ɽڣ
תɽ·ϺߴӴ˿ʼһ·¡Լ򵽣
࣬ͬʱ鲼ʥʥַתɽʥ֮·ҲǷ̽г˵Ŀຣ
תɽתɽܹԼǰϴøɸɾ
£ֻµ֮࣬־ڴᦣᦾ£
һǵأ紵ӿ纣ĴеúԶԶУ
ɽ嶥Ϊʾͺּ̨Ŀһ
ʽķͬľ壬ҵɢ·
һأתɽģ˵һһ
ֻ֮࡭Щеޱ𺳣أ̬ȷ˱仯
ɽ߸ϣڲͣߣĿᶨǰŲݶȡɽʱ
һһߣʱҲͣɽ򱣳ʵĽ࣬
ԼҪ̰죬ˣˤˣһǿҵһֱ
֧ҲԼ״̬˷ԭӦ֧Ȳء
һʱʼηˣɽķӲӣһ
˼˳类һ·ߣڱߣʡྡྷ
ȴһ·ǽ粽Уӻصݡ
ʼսɽͽһȦԼĻǸԲ


ʲҲڲתʲһȦʮĹ£
תʮȦ2014ǡꡣ¿ʼһת
ʲȦ൱תʮȦԼתȦִ
ڵתɽתȦѾۼתȦʮȦƻתһ
ȦֻΪսԼʵڴеĴԲĿͶ2026꣬ʱ
꣬˳תɽ⣬תȦﵽ
Ŀꡣ˵תɽҲһЩԼ׳ɵĽⲻΪͶȡ߽ݾ
һַʽͬɽ׽ݺ;ηƩ˵һתɽ
ɽȦתһȦͿתɽµˣ
תһȦԼҪӣƴתʮȦ൱ɽȦתһȦĹ¡
һǰᣬǾɽȦתһȦҪʥʥַ
ݺ͹֮ûǰᣬʹתҲ᲻
Ӳ˹¡2026꣬Ѿضʮˣʮһ¾ͻ
ϼңٻˣ˵ԼҲݻȥˡ

Ĳͬˣÿµ׾Ϳʼתɽʱɽһ
µѩδڻĿǰããһƬɽԭأɽ
Էֱóԭزʱѩˣѹ˴ᦣȴڲס
޵ɫʡЩΪתɽṩͲգȥ
ʱļ䣬УǱѩ۸ĵķһֱǰߡߵ
ˣ߳һ·߳·ûѩȽˣ̤
ʵˣ˱ͷŵģһСľͻ˳ȥֱ³
ɽѩͱſʼڻΧϪͺУ׿ɽڵĻ
ѩҪѮſʼڻתɽʱҲڵתɽתɽ
ǻߣתɽΪתԴĽҵ
ʱһ굱вʱÿ඼ǧԪľ룬Ҫ
еתɽȥתɽȥҪ죬תɽҪֲ
룬꣬תɽһһǧԪһǧԪ
תɽִ߳󷽣תˣҲһ·ĵͶˣһ־
ԪֻĻᲢֻ֮࣬ĸҵһͷ
ӴӱݳʱҲӦתɽҪ糿߰˵ӳڲ
ͬסޡЩڱ±ԣ滹Щ
ҹ͵ɽ糶ųϮһͷƢ봳ĲҰ¿ײ
žž죬˯˯֮䣬ӭµһ죬Թ緹·ߡ
ͽһɹݺ͹ʥʥַɽתһȦ
ЩʥʥַǰתɽҪ׵ؼݣһ߸
ֱߵӣǲŷ糾͵ػصݣתɽ˫ȹǦʹ̣
һͷ˵ϣԸˡ

˵תɽתɽʱֻС
٣ڵתɽвǧ֮һɽ¶ˣ
ֻڲڵ겼ɽɽϣҿַɢŵʱ
ˣһ˾ΥҰԣɽϵʯ䣬ýȥ
Ĺ£һοǣ˸ˣˮ·
ϣҲڲںοм䣬û˿źǣʹǱ
Ҳǿɵķ硣ͬɣɣƣ
ббش⣬ӪһصķΧһֻֻ⵱У
ҿ˳Ŀ⣬л֮СͬΪһ
ֻܹ⼲ͶˡЩڵתɽίɽ
һֻСᣨӣǶһֻǮһֻӣ
ߵĻȫһԼ߰ǧԪһǧԪ֮䡣Ϊһֻ
ܹʮ꣬İãҲǵĳԺͱ⣬ﵽ
ǵԸ˭Ӿͽ˭ȥڶϻӼ˩һ
ӣ˭˭˵ѽ򡣷ȻȺȥո
ʱǺҰûطһɢţ±ǳԵ
Ⱥһڰ͸²ݳȷʲġܷ
תɽ߽΢ϵÿһԶתɽ
ߡʮУֻҲܳԣҪӽ
سˣȺм䣬ͬûɶֻжϻӼ
ȥѾɫĺӣĬĬ˵ˣһֻ


תɽид̵ʲô˵תɽʱ塢
塢Ժͷϰߣκ˶ûлģҾһ֧ͥ
Ҫ߲ˣֵ米ϵҵһתɽ˸ԭ
Ӧ̣ͷԻ·ģ㿴·ʯͷƾ
ҵʱҶĻηɣ˳ת
ϴԼЩһתɽĲͬΪĸ
ŲΡ͡ţ⡢ץȣɶԸ
˿Լûզ졣Ҳ˾У
¡Щһ·ŵͷתɽĲͬǴƤа
ʼԼΪһҵתɽЩУվֱ壬
ԣľ˫ֺʮٹͷǰһ˫ֺʮڣ
һ˫ֺʮǰһ˫£չǰ˫ۣȫ
棬ǰߵأǰһ󲽣¿ʼǲ֪ܣ
Ҳ͵;ˮȥĳͷ½ϸˮ
˻ӶˣǾ͵³ԵԴκͷţ⣬ȼɽȪˮ
ֻסʱʯһڵͲ衣Ҫˣ
Ѱһܷɽ£ԵΪ˯һҹ첻֧
һػָˣ·ĳͷһ·ʥʥ
ַǶҪݺ͹ɣϵҾᦡĳͷһһ
£춼ЩݣֱصʱգǿȥڣЬĥ
ˣ࣬紵ɹøˣ˫۰ݣ촽ܿѣᶨ
ӣĿ㡣ڲͬֻè
ѾתȦɽˣ۾¶Űƽ·ʢ´󺣣
˯һҹ๾о

̹Ѿ߹е·Уûһ··ѣҲû
һ··ĳʵͼ·תһḀ̇һΡ
˵ԴԼתɽ󣬽ѶˣԷҲǰԶˣ
˲١ʵЩ仯ϢģƩԷѽתɽڱݵĵɽ
ȡȣɽ´رգʼȫأֱӴɽ¼
ǵУЩתɽõļӦ
ûصǵߡ

̸ٸҲŷƽʱ¼ʣȻڽ
˹ϣ̸֮һ㶼û¼ϣޱȰûں;ɥֻ
ƾս˥ϺԶȥļ䣬ЩΪһ˵ɽһҹ
һ֤ʡ

뵽2026ɽһתɽȴŵ
ɽ£û͵ŵҶֲˣҵȷ
ǾĬĬһɽɺɡ

ص䣬ͬѾͣˣͣǼҳ㷹̺
ҲòˡҺ£֪ɶʱѾ¶ʵݣһ˶
̵ɽ嶥䴿¹ɽܣһ
ĵʽڣһﶼںڰ۾⣬

ӣȻе˺⳹ǣԭӦҲͷǣƺڷ
գԺ˯˯˿̣ҵͷɽĽ£ſ
ޱȵ䶵ͷҡŵһ㣬·Ʈɽ̧
ңĺһϵ˽ɹȻγɵ
ַȻˣˣߵԺУ̧ͷĿ
Ǹַôộο̳ģ
ĴŻԿס

ǳˣɽվԭĿǣҺȻܹһ·
ɽ£ģͨĹ̨°һҹ˯ˣʵ
һǰԵ֣д˾ֵϧˡĲ죬
ļƽϺ͸ңͳ׵׵طǣſ飬װϹɽļ䣬
·ɡ


Ұҹ

졤

һҰ˳úܲ⣬ƺûб·ߡ

һµʯնڻҰ￪ٳ·Ҫ
ʧܵġҰޱߵģӲľض࣬µʯǶ֡Ұ˽
ҪϻʨɣǱȺǷʳԼʶΪ๷ͺյʳ

СǼ֤гңҿҲҰˣҿҲҪ
·ȻҲδؾͻøһЩ

Ұġ֪Ұܡ֪еĴ𰸡Ҫ
նڻҰ￪ٳ·ΪˣͲΪˡ

ʱפ㣬èͷӥĽдϲ

ɽǱ߷˵ﱻǻ۵ϲȻ
Ұȴǲ֮Ǳ治õϢϻʨ
ȻޣʳݵСҲӶ

ϡϡǶ࣬Сԡ

СˣȺ֮:˵˵زӭ㣬
ϼȥèͷӥĽսϡ٣ںܲ 

ҹɫŨʱûûǣûӫ棬û׻𡪡
๷ͺյĹǳɫġ

Ұ˿ڵһţ֪ҹʱˡ¶ϱ
ܶӣѪּֿʣǵĺСҪն
ڻҰ￪ٳ·ΪˣͲΪˡ

ҰҹɫŨҹʱ֡


˽֮

ġԶ

˵˽˵ĹӺͶأ˵ǡ
ϲǡ

˵˽Сжǧʷˣͽ˹һ
Сˮʱ滷ˮˮʱӰһС˷æ
Ʒþˮ·˽شػύؽ磬԰
ؽ磬ӲԶ¹կؾ˽ءڹȥ·
䲻˽һʮҪĺתͷ

1

ǰһλ˽ӡ

λ׵ĹϵҶʱһٵ˽򡪡ҵ
һε˽

ǵݵļͷ´;Ҫӱ塢Ӻɳ
ڡͣ㡣һͷڰͣСһط
ںͣӹÿ´ÿһεͣǶʮֵæµ
ŴݣŵĳţĹʱӼ˽һľɫ
Ǻģˮ峺żɼˮеķ羰ҲĿϾӣ
ɾߺʯһ˾޴ţ㣬Ǳʵɽַ·
һ˺е졣ɽͷһֻصϻаһ
Ȫˮڶðڵǹʣˡţ㡱ɽ͡ͷ
ɽȵν

ӿڣҪԼĪġӹ⾰ܲͣյվ˽ͷ

ʱҵλײ˽ˮկӵĴ󱮴塣м
գʮɷΧھ£ɢЪ죬
ϥ߼СԵֵʯˣ֦ϣȸñ̶С֨֨
һƬȸԾ

ļŵڴ°׷ڵɹȳϣʱ
յɹȼڡ

һȺȸһ·˹һֺܵһ·˹ȥ
ɹȳ֧ЩȸڿЩһϸϸСǣϣ
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СϵԼ߹·ǣһһļ
ͻ

2006-07-16

2020-06-23Ķ


Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ɽ׵ġҩЧûпѧ

                          ɳ

65գҵͲԭַ˹ڴɽ׵Ĺ棨2020
12ţΪǿɽױԺ׼ɽɹҶ
ҰΪһҰ³2020桶йҩ䡷
һУɽס塢١ĸƷҲδء

ЩŶҰֲı˵ɶǺϢȻ봩ɽ
ԭǡԴݽߡɱҩǳϴɽνҩЧ
ڣ塢ٵԭȷԺ°
1ԭ䴦кҹɰදķ
㣩⣬Ȩ֤¹ڲCOVID-19пһ
ϵĹ״RaTG13ԴɽϹ״Ƕ壨 chimera 
2˴β봩ɽҲӦǳΪ¹ڲǱмĿǡ

ȷ桢ĻԭҪҩı߳ĳ
ҩҩЧûпѧݡӶƳйҩ䡷߼Ǽ
ʵֵġйҩ䡷¼ĴҩıҲһϵпѧ
ĳɹֻһָ漯ŲЭĲˣֻ
Ϊԭڡйҩ䡷ĳЩҩҲһֿϲĽ
Ҳϣδи౻̰кҰܵõӦеı

Ȼɽײٱйҩ䡷¼ȴȻһ
ɽȻٱ롶йҩ䡷ҩЧȴǡʵʵڡģ䡰ͨ
顱֮ǲɵģ˾ٳҽ伮ļΪԼĹ۵
֤ɷнµؾٳߴð˴̵ľ֤˾ٳһ
֤ɽ׵ġҩЧȷ֤ݡ

ϧǣⲿʵŽ֤ĳһҩ
ҩЧҲΪĿѧ֤ݡ

ҽ伮ļض֤ĳҩҩЧֻ΢Ĳο壬Ϊ
ҽ伮ĳҩҩЧļֻǻһģɡǶǡȱ߼
飬Щ鱾˵ô߼ԡʵԡظԶд
Ŀѧ顣ʵϹŴҩ鲢һֿѧܽᣬھ
ʵֻԹصȡࡢϰʹȻѣδΪ
Чҩʵûִѧӽµ֪ʶѧ
ܽһҩҩЧ紩ɽף϶ҩЧݾȻԴɽ
׵ϰԣΪɽʳϣպ뾰Իʳ
ϣ ΪɽסѨɽӣԢˮʳ
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ҽҩ߼Ȼҽôɽζҩ߼Ҳûһ
ҽָǾáɽܴҲͨ顱˵ƭƭ
ҽɵˡЩҽ伮ļضȷָЩ
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ҽҩ߼ѧղ浽ҽ伮

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ôɽ׵ġҩЧĿѧ

һЩ˾һЩڿϵҽҩΪɽ׵ġҩЧ飬Ӧ
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һֻSCISSCIйѧ磬ڿĵλҲǷǳ
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ȣЩڿϵҽҩĵо(In Vitro 
Research)ʵ(Animal Research)Щ֤ݵʵظ
ҲۣЩоýϲ˶ʿæ֮гʵ
ǻǮʵ顢ģٴҽͨоʵ
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ԽֻҪҺµˮʳΣҲܵóˮʳ
ܡɱϸΰٲĽۣĳҩڶˮ
ƽϵʵҲܸϵЧֱᲢۡоʵ
ĽٴЧʮǧڵóɿٴǰܽ
ƾоʵ϶ĳҩʲôβЧ

ΣЩٴоЩҽҩĵоҲ֧
䴩ɽ״ҩЧĽۡЩνٴоձŶȱݡȱ
˫äԭ١о⣬ҲԶԶﲻһҩ
ͶʹǰҪҪ3-7緢ڡ㽭ҽ־
ġɽ׷ϿӸЧ۲졷7һģȫƪֻһҳ
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Ч컹ͳѧ壬ˮƽνڿȦֱ
һЦҲƫƫ˸ҲܵذóɽСҩЧ
֤ݡ

Щ ֤˴ɽҩЧߵҲǺܲɿģǴ
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Լķ롣ʵ˴ɽЧʵݣҲҪͨ
ٵϹ˽ۺҽҩҵʵҲǴ
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ЩǾڿϵҽҩĵʵ硣
ˮƽģϸѵˣӦҪÿ˼ά
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˼άо˼·Ƿܻ֧š໥ӡ֤ͼ
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κڿһѡäĿĵĽۣǷʲôڿ
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ĿǰΪֹҽŵĴɽסҩЧĿѧݡЩ
ƴɽĳ֡ҩЧҽҩо֤ݵȼƫ͡
㡢òͳƷûн˫äʵ顢ƫ
ٵȷ⡣ûһƪɽ׵ҩЧоҽѧ
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ҲᵼҩЧܵŵʽɣӿǧ
ҿҲҲҳϴɽײνҩЧĸԭ

ףҽ֤ĳҩЧ߼˳ʵӦģ
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ڰοЧͨɷַЧɷ־ʲôõЧ
ֵĵƷõʽЧɷֲҩҩЧҩѧԭ
ҩѧԭѧ䶾áȫֻ
һҩҩЧҲѾҽҩҵ

2020.6.10

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1Alvin W.T. Ng, Song Ling Poon, Mi Ni Huang, et al. 
Aristolochic acids and their derivatives are widely implicated in 
liver cancers in Taiwan and throughout Asia [J]. Science Translational 
Medicine. 18 Oct 2017:Vol.9, Issue 
412,eaan6446.DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aan6446.

Ȩڿѧ-תҽѧScience Translation Medicine
ġ̨弰޵ĸΰἰ㷺ء
ʾжҩǵ޸ΰҪԭ֮һ³ƣ
߶޸ع1400ΰ˻⣬47%й½
78%й̨56%Ķʾΰյϸͻ
ء

2Kristian G. Andersen, Andrew Rambaut, W. Ian Lipkin, Edward C. 
Holmes & Robert F. Garry. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 
Medicine. Volume 26, pages450C452(2020)

3³·.ͨ顱ҩɽ׺. йҽҩ, 201312
20յ002.

4,Էϼ. ԷϼѪͲȱ龭. Clinical 
Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2014 Vol. (6) No.7.

5,˼,½.ͨ鷽Ʋȱ֤226. Clinical 
Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2016 Vol. (8) No.1511.

6ľ.ɽӦڲЧ۲.ٴҽҩ
־. 201854.

7.ɽ׷ϿӸЧ۲. 㽭ҽ
־.


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1973һ죬˹ٴѧĽڰ˹ˣJeremiah Ostriker
߽Ƥ˹İ칫ңһرʾ벻ͨô¡

˹һֱרעתڸ¸ѹ̬ĺڶѧ
һҺ̬ˮƣûתһ׼Σת
Ļͻ⡣ڵĵΪתҲһ壺İ뾶Դ
Сֻǵǹ壬24СʱһȦתҲǳƽη
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˹еǰװǡЩܶȺܴתֺܿ壬
ִת״̬κϤżȻƳһϵͼͻȻ
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ʱתǳȶ߱һϸbar shape״߸ɴ
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֮ڣûܹ濴ȫò1970
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״ǿ֮ڶϵƣһм΢
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˹һ۾ܿô״ϵתһȦͻֽ⡣Ȼ
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ԲʽϵЩϵĵȷϸ״С
ϵ΢ϵɴûһϸļ൱׼Բ
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ǵĳʼλΪһƽԲ״ٸÿԺʵٶϵת
Ȼ㶢żĴ鿴

ȻûжǾͿĵĴܣ޷Բ
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ϵȶתҵһϣƽϵټһ
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ϵͽȶת״̬

ǰƾӵǽ֡haloΪڵϳ
ġΡΡ̫ΧƺһȦԲ֡

ȻΡֻǵϿȻǵеıԹ
Ľ̫ΧͻȻµĹԴƤ˹Ͱ˹
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֤ݣдڵġ⡱ÿԽϵΧתٶȡ

һģ֮ٽһλʿʱ
ķһϵͳղ飬1974ַһƪΪϵĴ
СԼThe Size and Mass of Galaxies, and the Mass 
of the Universeġ

ƪ¿ƪһеʯ쾪ɡ϶
ԽԽ֡ϵ͹ʮࡣƽܶ
۲⵽ϵܶȳϵƽƽܶҲ֮ͬ
ص͹ˡThere are reasons, increasing in number and quality, 
to believe that the masses of ordinary galaxies may have been 
underestimated by a factor of 10 or more. Since the mean density of 
the Universe is computed by multiplying the observed number 
density of galaxies by the typical mass per galaxy, the mean mass 
density of the Universe would have been underestimated by the same 
factor.

Ҳ˵ǲ֪еļӱö࣬
ൽ֪ʮϡ

ķĽ۴󻩡Ĺ۵㲻Ϊ췽ҹ̷
Ϊαѧӹϣ죬һһǿյѧҰҰ
ԽԽ㡢ԽԽԶ20ĩĿ˺ȫò˹˺
Ƥ˹ȴڴʱͷȣĲƤëʮ
֮һƤëлŸʣȴһ֪

οܣ

19764£˹ӦѧԺϽѧ½չ
֮գŮϵת֮һ
סҪһġ

ҽ֮󣬰˹˲֪Էʵûôϡ63Ľ
ǰͲƿˣHorace BabcockʱͲƿΪݴѧУ
оѷɽúԶ۲ŮϵתٶȡʱѾ
ϵڽӽԵطٶȱĴ˵ϵΧǿҪ
öࡣͲƿ˵ʱΪϵгԹɢ൱ǿǿ
ϵΧĹǿʵʵܶ࣬͹ǵܶȡ

Ͳƿ˸˹˿ŵִֺĲʿģ
Ůϵתݡ1937ŬʱѾȫʷԡ
˹ġԴһֻ֪һΪݽ
ûǰĳɹǸ

ʹ1930ͲƿҲȽӴпܴڵ쳣
ġѷɽ̨ϵͬFritz Zwicky̬ȸΪ
ʡ

ڱǣĸʿˡ1922꣬ڰ˹̹ĸУ
ʿʿѧԺʿ֮Զļѧ
Ժȹѧġ۽٤Īƣѧ
ͷԼȴйֵȴִ¹塢ƢĽɫΪͬ
йϵţܰ˵ѧҶǡεĻ쵰spherical 
bastardsβǳģͼ򻯵ҪΪ͵
۴ĸǶȿǶͬĻ쵰

ѷɽϵĹȻȺ쵰֮һΪרƣûʹ
2.5׿ھԶʸڹͺɭҰͬ
ʱֻھСһԶ۲ȽϽϵȴҲ
Ρ

ʱѾһЩϵķֲǾȻģǴڴ
ϵĽṹȳһ˺ܶʱ۲һ
šComa ClusterĴŻϸоϵٶȷֲ

ķ30³ƣȽϵٶ͵Ĳ޳
ٿʣĳɷ֡ȻҪѰתЩʣٶ
ϵϵе˶Щٶϵƽܡ
ͬʱϵ;룬ҲԹ֮õƽܡ
ӦôȣϵͳȶѧУһʵġά
virial theorem

ȴԤȫϵϵƽԶԶƽ
ܡĻЩϵٶ̫󣬻֮Լǡ
ϵӦñ˴˷ɢ޷άϵŵĽṹ

󵨵Լϵܹ֮ȶشڣ
Ϊ֮лû۲쵽ʡЩʵṩ˶
ܣϵķ롣ΪǿǲĹ⣬ǽ
ʡdark matter

Ǹ߶ȵϵǷʵĴδۡݷ
ĿɿҲ³һδΡ˲Ⱥأ
İʸͲƿ˷ֵŮϵתٶ쳣һļʮ
𽥱Ľ

ֱ1970³͸ء˹˺Ƥ˹ɲͬ;·
еľ֮ա

1974꣬ڰ˹˺Ƥ˹ڶƪķļǰɳ
ǣ1991Ϊң̨λѧҷһ
ǳƵġ

ƪ಻֪ĶĽϵĸַ
ָпܵ͹أԼЩص͹ġԽԽ
֤֡ݡǻԼͬһµ۾ݡ

1970ĽѾͬڼƽ̹ģȻʱ
δϵͳƽ̹Ǵը۵һشȱݣӶ˹ı
ۣλߺİ˹˺Ƥ˹֣
ؼ㵱ʱ֪ܶ۵ٽ֮ܶȣó
ԼΪ0.2ҵֵƽ̹ҪĦ1Զ

ص͹δ֪֪ĻҪʮĻ
ôӽ1

Ƕûʹİһⲿδ֪ʵ
пܴǲ֪ѧʷ˾ռߡʷƾáͳϣ
Ǳʧʡmissing matter

19ͣǹ۲쵽ǵйԤвʱǲû
ţٵۣƲǳһδֵǵš
ǿǡǡȻԤλñ֣͹˾ѧĻ
͡ˮǵĽյҲ쳣ͬذΪһδ
ǣԤΪףǡVulcanһȴţٵľ
ѧвҪ˹̹Ĺ۲ŵؽ̫͡ϵвҲ
ҪǸʧףڡ

ԣ1974꣬⼸λѧָֻлиʧʡ
ǵ۵֮ԾˣΪʧĳɷʵ̫

˹˺Ƥ˹ۼŮϵתٶʱֻ
źŲݡǲ֪Ͳƿ˵ݣҲû³͸
صĸöĽ

ˣ³ĵĵһʱ̲סڽкáɿɷ
˹Ҹ棬1970븣һ𷢱ǲŮƳݡϣ
ȴδԤڵķ죬û˹˺Ƥ˹ע⡣
λֱԲصдŴδ֪
Ϊ͡

³ʱҲѾٶת߶ȵϵš͸˴
ϵĹƬһһЩϵڼĳһضķλ
ƯơƺиеġʧǡΪ³-
ЧӦRubinCFord effectĽȻ󲨣Ī
һǡ

ڸЩϵŵͬʱ³͸Ҳ˴ϵڲĹס1970
βʱ̷20ϵתݡǶֳŮ
ϵһµߣԶϵĵԵϵתٶû½

³͸ԽԽݵķƿʼ¸
ˮ档1970ĩѧѾձһµʵδ
֪ʴڣԶԶܿĲ֡

٤17ͳƵԶп۴δʶġ˼
֮ķǣΪµҰȵʱĸΪ󡢸ΪԶ
ȵʱ֪ĸΪḻΪ財

20ͣѧҵں˼׼֮¾һƵ𺳡
֮Уһδ֪ġŵġɰ
硣һһβԽԽǿԶѰ١ռ
ԽԽ΢ǹʱûʶİҲ
ǹӰ֮Уڰһ档

(إģز¶ĵС

1981819գɣPaul Simonͼӷҿ˶Art 
GarfunkelŦԼе빫԰ٰһѵĹݳᣬֳж50
Ĺڹʢ١ѹȻʮǰġž֮
The Sound of Silenceޣڰҵѡ㽻̸


ǸѧѾܲԸؽ˰ʣΪԽԽ֤
ݱڡֻδıȻںڰ֮У޴ӽ̸

֮԰ֵġʧʡʣΪ⣬
޷ʱԶ۾ƬĹ۲Ҫ
ֶΡ1970ѧѾ硢΢ȲͬŲε̽;
Ȼ޷ҵʵӰʲɼ⣬ûз
κεŷ䡣

ȻкܶԼ壬̫ϵеھ
ǡǵȡܹǣΪǷ̫⡣

ҲȫŲ壬ǾǺڶΪڶ
󣬼ʹԹٴĵŲҲ޷ݣȫڶնûз䡣2019
4£ѧҲôԶЭͬ۲⡢ݷֶγɹһ
źڶġƬӽڶͼ񡣳ڽ
Ĺ⣬ڶһƬڡΪڶȫΧĹ⣬Ҳ
ǹ⡣ǿı

³͸ЩϵһǵϵΧҲŰʡ
Ǽûпʵķ⣬ҲûбնԶ
ȺǡѹûвʵĴڡ

԰ֲСΪĹԵúڰǡ
ǡ෴ʶԹŲȫ͸ȲҲաŰ
ʣؿ䱳ǹ⣬·ʴſƻС˵е¡
ʵϣѧԶϵϵ֮
İӶ

ٵһѧйġⲻ׼ԭuncertainty 
principleʱ޿κε۵ĳδ֪Ķǲ֪
¡"Something unknown is doing we don't know what."ʱ
֪ʣ仰ڰϸΪС

ά漸̾ʶڻֳɵĲ
ãȫ͸ӣǾǡ΢ӡneutrino

20ͳѧͨ˥ʶԭӺڲĳɷݺͽṹʱ
ǶԱ˥ͷۡ˥ʱԭӺܳһеĵӣ
ǸƺǶغ㣬Υɡ
Wolfgang Pauli1930Ĳõпܻһδ
ġ顱͵͵شʣͽǶΪӲ磬
ʱΪӡneutron

ʱѧҲԭӺײзвӳ֡1930
յ¹ѧйоƲʦѧɣLise 
Meitner̽ӣδɡãӢĲˣJames 
Chadwick1932Ƶֶηӡ

ӵķǺоһ̱˻1935ŵ
֪֮ԭӺɴӣprotonͲɡ
˥һתӵḶ́ͬʱͷųһӣ
ӡǸ鲻ӣΪСöࡣ챻Ϊ
΢ӣеġ΢СӡֻĴȻǸա

Ϊ΢Ӳã뿪ԭӺ˺޾
ʷ𣬿׵شΪ֪Ҳ˼޷̽⡣

Ʋ1933׻òʿѧλ19344»عν̡1941ʱѾ
㽭ѧĽڣŸУʦսձԾǰͣذǨѡ
Ǹ£ȻдһƪΪһ̽΢ӵĽ顷A Suggestion 
on the Detection of the Neutrinoģڴġۡ
黽ѧ̽΢ӵȤ̾˰
ʵ飬ûгɹսеƲ1940ӢȻ־Ϸ
ƪѧģ1947ٶڡۡϷģ̽΢ӵļ
·

Ʋ뷨ҪͨͬԪصԭӺڱ˥ʱķɴ
ƶݳ΢ӵĹ켣Ǽӷ΢Ӵڵİ취1956꣬ڶ
սвԭӵƵרҿ£Clyde Cowan˹
Frederick Reinesøֱӵķʽ֤ʵ΢ӵĴڣôӺ˷
Ӧг΢ײӺӲ׽٤
߷䡣΢ӻ໥õԣǱ˥

ļ˵ʱûʽֻŵʽ֪ͬС˽
ԺѰ͵³ϣһѧһӶԲ£
ԤһԶܱʵ֤ʵĶ͵ȴΪֹۣ
΢ӻᱻʵ̽⵽϶ķ䣬͵ȥһľơ˹
¾ͱסΪЩƶۼǺȹˣͿһζû
մϡ40˹1995ŵҵǣ½ʱѾȥ
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ǵߡ֮СҲ΢ͨ
ȴȻ֪ΪˣάΪʵѡ

ѧȻ԰ʻһ֪ȴٿ϶һ㣺
áṩάϵתϵȶٶȷֲǵ
ҲΪƽ̹ɻȱĹס

΢ӱȷ֮ǷȴһֱǸաΪ΢̫Ѳ׽
޷ȷ켣ܿһһûӡʹ
Ҳʵ΢΢ûܹó

άֻϣ΢һ۶СֻҪдд
΢ӣܺҲܽͰʵĴڡǣ΢ӵһȳ
ΪѧĴȵ㣬ΪͳĶӪ

19805£΢֤ݡʱ
ѧѾ֪΢ʵֲͬ͡һ΢ӿڲͬͼת
΢񵴡neutrino oscillationڷ񵴵ǰ
΢Ϊ΢źšʵ黹
˹΢񵴵ļ󡣣΢񵴵ֱ
֤֮ʵձ˗|¡£Takaaki Kajitaͼô
Arthur McDonaldΪǸԵʵ2015ŵ

ȻȻ֪΢жϢά˻裬
·ʹ˽˰ʴ⡣

Ƥ˹ȴΪȻ

΢ûһԹ˶ʹ΢
Ϊ֮΢СٶҲǳӽ١ӿռ
۳ңȴ޷ϵʵϵתҪ֡Ҫ
ϵΧ״ֲİʣ΢ӿ϶ʡӦȻֹ
ӡ

ΪѧٶȿζŶܴ¶ȸߣ΢ʽİʱ
ʡhot dark matterӦٶδ֪
䰵ʡcold dark matterǣѧҲòΪλ
ůػ

Ƥ˹䰵ʡδ֤ʵĸ֮⣬
ɣǾһֱо߶Ƚṹ

ɳ1952ʱ־ع㵱ʱѧĲʿѧλ
һڹ30źǣ̨ĻԻҲ
ʱʱıǨĹ۲ʥѷɽ
ɽȴ͸ɽ̨εͷ1973̨꣬ڽʷɭ
̨ϲ˽Ĺ-ʷɭģHarvard-Smithsonian 
Center for AstrophysicsȻֺȴһָĽڡ

1970ڣĵļᲩʿоԼ֣õʱ
¼װȽĲòǺܴԶͬʱΧǹ
סɴ˿ʼһģĹ׺ղ飨CfA Redshift Survey
ͼ档

üռĴ֮ǷɲԽ
ԼҲƤ˹ȵķΪӡ֪ϵ֮⣬Ƿ
ֻиġϵšsuperclusterڶĳ߶ϣ嶼û
гֳȻķֲǾۼɳ߶ԽԽ״ġά״
filamentЩṹ֮ǿһġնvoid

1989꣬Ŷӻһ޴ά״ṹһ޴İ
飺57ڹꡢ2ڹꡢ1ǧ6ꡣǸɴΪǡ
Great Wall

ڹ֮⣬ҲŶڽƵĹڳ߶桢¼
ĿݵĻۣǲܹȫò׷
Щ߶Ƚṹݱ䣺Ϊ⴫Ҫʱ䣬ԽԶĽṹγɵԽ
磬Խӽ֮Զع۲ֲı仯ط߶
ṹγɡݱ̡

Ƥ˹ףը֮Ȼ䣬һݱϻ
֮1982Ƿƶ»֮ѧѾ˹ʶ
ͽʱΪѧвԡʱ
гȰʣǻԽӽٵٶȵܣܿ콫Щϸ΢Ĳ
ĨƽĽṹֻγɳ߶ȷǳİ飬Ȼ𲽷ѳ
Ϊϵ֮֮䰵ʣû
ܣֻܸŵصĲȶۼǵ
γڵСϵȻ𽥻ۡΪϵϵš
ϵšά״ṹȵȡ

Ҳ˵ȰʵеĽṹԴСطѶɣ䰵ʵ
еĽṹСضѻɡȻ෴ݱ̿ͨ
ŶӵֱӼ顣ɴˣ䰵ʵۺܿȡ΢ռϷ硣

Ȼ֪Ĳ໥õ΢Ӳǰʵѡǰ
ʲôأ

1970ѾĻӡ׼ģ͡ɿ
ɣɵġӡbaryonҲһ˺һ
ġӡmesonǺϳΪǿӡhadronΪ˴еɣ
ǿӶãʹܵΪӡƺǰʡ

ǣڸѧѧը͵֮
ѧΪ˸⣺вõ

ͳһ۵ФSheldon Glashow
ģʹҪҲڻ¡

ФĺƾõĴͳ1928꣬ͳһѧ
ʱ·ŲɵĽ⡣ûлԼۣ
ԤдźġӡȻ֤ʵ

Ф²ͳһ໥ʱҲȻ뵱ʱڵ
м䲣ɫӡintermediate bosons1980ڱʵ鷢֡
ˣۼҿԽطµӣȻʵŶԽԽǿ
ܶײҵǵӰڹ淶оصġϣ˹ӡ
һ1964㱻ۼԤԣֱ2012űʵ֤ʵù
˹ʹԺʾ֭ĴŵȻһֻдڵӡ

ǡǡҲ1970ڣѧΪ˽һضĶԳȱƷ
һСӡaxionӡǣӰӱ
̳Ϊʵĺѡ֮һ

һԳơsupersymmertryۡʶĻ
ӸݱĶԳԷΪࣺɫӣbosonͷӣfermion
ԳΪ֮ҲڶԳԣÿɫһӦķӣ
ÿҲиӦĲɫӡֻԳںȱˣ
ǽֻʣµһ롣Ҳһ뻹ĳδ֪ʽ
شţʡ

磬΢Ӧǡӡneutralino
΢ƣöࡣ΢ǿܵȰʣÿ
䰵ʡ

ΪʲôûЩӣۼһֳɵĻӦΪǵ
̫еļû㹻ͨײǡҪ޽
ļײ

ۼҵ컨׹ѧĪһǣǺ޲ܸɴЩĪ
ȫӡdarkon֥ӸѧɣMichael Turner
һ֣໥ӡweakly interacting massive 
particles׼ȷΪ䰵ʵӵԣнϴֻ
໥áʵȴ֮ⲻھƣڵ٩
ֿڵһϿڵӢдСWIMP

Ȼ˵пܴڵСµѧҲС
СMACHOҲһдһΪ뵨СԶ
֣塱massive compact halo object뵨С
ͬǿĲǡӡǡ֡²пĳ
δֲ֪ϵΧγɰ˹˺Ƥ˹ֵ֡ǲŻ
İʡ

ʾǵСУֻһЩӦ⣬Ϊ
20ĩѧҺѧٵսңǲҪ̽
ʲôҪͷʼۡ

ΪǰģͣûаʵĹסӰ졣

إ壩ĵһƬ

1964꣬ҿ׼̽е΢ʱһƤ˹
ϵƵһ߰λо޶Peter RollɭDavid 
WilkinsonʵʵĲҿ˽ӵǸı˵ĵ绰ʱѾ
ʵҵ¥Ͻ΢ߣ׼

˹ѷڱʵҵǸԭΪ΢ͨѶƵģֻ
һѡƵϵźšȻֻǵһƵʵ㣬յźҲѾ
õҿ˺Ƥ˹϶Ǿҵ汳䡣Ϊźž߱
û𡪡ͬԡͨźǿȹķ¶
ǵģ

ԭ19͵Ļ巢ɫ¶
ء¶ȱȽϵ͵ĿʺɫиĿɫɫ
ǴҤͨɫж¶ȵĿѧݡȻ
ⲢǵһɫǺиɫֻǿȲͬ
ںƵϹǿ󡣻֣巢ǿƵ
ʻһߣǸĹסֵɫӦ߷
ֵڵƵʡ

1862ȫĹ⡢ûһ㷴䣬
Χȫƽķʽ⣬ôȫ
Ⱦ״ʵ޹ءΪ뻯ģȫ
Ĺ⣬壨ĺڶͬĸڶֻգ
ȫ⣬ҲͲйף

ҲСţʽļ򻯣ʵвڡʵ
ѧֻĳЩΡӺСĻ¯ƽۼ
ɴ˽бļ㡣Ϊ˹ΤֹǵŲǿĵ
ѧϸƵεĹߡϣ򵥵
֮˾޴鷳ϵĺƵʸʱ
Ȼɡǵ߸νѡultraviolet 
catastropheΪƿѣ¹ʿˣMax Planckò
ӡ¸ش20ͳѧ

٤Ī򡢰նǺĵҿˡƤ˹Ƕʶ
һСġ浰ǸӦĺ塪Ϊ
ȫӰ졣ܹĹ⣬Ӧ
߱׼ĺס

ڴը38֮˵һƹ⡣10
Щ¶ȴΪ΢Ƶεı䡣ں
ʵģڿɼ⡣¶ȵĽͣҲ΢Ƶ
ƶֻǡסǸƵס

һ׼ĺ壬ôʹ˹ѷֻ
⵽һƵϵǿȣҲܴ¹¶ȡȻֻһ衣
ķǲըµżҪҲһȷ
ʵʼ飺ǷƵס

º޶ɭԼһƵϲ΢䣬
֤˹ѷĽȻҲԭղϵ
ĳԣר̽䡣ڸװǵ֮ǲ⵽˵
Ƶϵźš

һж˳ͬƵʵĽ·Ԥڡֻ
㶼΢ƵʱȽϵ͵򣬲ܷӳߵȫòټ
ȥѾʹˡΪƵʵ΢̫ױˮգ΢¯Ĺԭ
޷͸Ĵ㡣

1973꣬ʡѧԺǱķ̽ĸǵΤ˹
Rainer Weissο׽Ĺ£֮ģ֮Τ
˹æ͵Уøľ޴΢ϡĸ߿գ⵽
˱߸߷帽ĵһݵ㡣

ʱѧҼⳡս򡢻ȸֹͻ
ƴ㡣Ჩʿ˹أGeorge Smootվ
U-2߿ǶĲأ
Ŀɿһֱ⡣

ɪJohn MatherʱҲڲһооڲ
˸߿ĲĻ䣬ûǰ;ʿҵ
ŦԼУڸױǴѧһоʿǸоڽ
ڵһ¥ϣײһĿСݣΪڵӾ硶ηɴ
SeinfeldΪҪɪæѰµĿʱ
ʦֵһ棬ǽпѧʵ½飬
ȥһԡܰѲ΢װȥȫ
ĸš

ɪ˹ضͽ᰸ȻǶǳé®С
꣬ǵڼǧӱõ˺ֵע⡣֯
һΤ˹ϯίԱᣬп֤

1982꣬׼Ŀǽɪ˹غһ˵
ϲҪһЯֲͬǣͬʱ΢
ͬʽĲƻΪ汳̽ߡCosmic 
Background ExplorerơƱȡCOBE

һ꣬𡢹˹ڽŵ˹ƶ»ϴ֤
Ӧô΢СĲȡǱ۵Ԥ֮겻ܿ
ʵ֤ݡ

ƱеʱļƻôػֱҪ
ĸ߹1980ҵԺɻΪķ롣ǰ
ÿƱɻںɻĵ͹ͷźԼӵƽ
߹ȵƱȸװϡһоʱ1986128ասߡź
ʱը¹ʣشʧںɻȫͣɺ
ǲòٴθĽƱȣ19891118޻
Delta

19901£ѧ׶ʢٽ175ᡣ13յճ̰
ǸողµĿƱȵĽչ㱨2㣬ɪһϽ̨
ʼʱֻ10ӵı档˿Ʊԣߴ
һҪһŻȫݡ׼֮ʱ
һ˵ʵҲȿѾеһʼݡ
˵ţļȡһ͸Ƭ÷ŵͶӰϡ

᳡ŴԼ1000ѧңǶɪйµĻ㱨ûô
񡣵ɪͼƬھ޴Ļʱ᳡ĴһӴߴߴĽͷ
Ӷ˿ʼϡϡعơһȫ׶

ɪĺߣû˿ͼƬûȵõֻ
ƬʾǶں˼׼ͻȻһʷԵͻơ

ɪչʾһǳ򵥵ͼһ⻬ϲС
顣᳡ϵĿѧҲҪκν;˸к壺߾
ķƵס130ǰĴۺ100꾭ѧ
ѧۣ̺90ǰʿ˵˼ά

ЩСǿƱȲ΢ݡһй
صϣ˿ƫ

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ڿƱȵ΢֪׼ĺ䡣ֻ
ʱǵһƹ⡣

Ƥ˹һɭҵҲ˳µسΪ˹ٴѧĽڡ
û뿪΢ҲǿƱĿҪɫ֮һ죬ûȥ
μѧᣬ಻Զĵط˹ٵļѧͬ¿
ͬһͼҲͬӮһƬİ˹˵Ȼ㣬
֪Ʊ˹ֵһ̽ݣ΢Ƿ
ȣ

˹ѷֵ·ķΪͬԵ
ĳڡһĸͬԣô
Ǻϵ΢ĸ֮ͬУӦʮ
֮һ߶ϵĲȡԡֻڵϵĲܴﵽ
ȡƱô

ɭ˵ǵģҲѾ˳ݣȷ΢Сĸԡ
ˣ̶ֲҲڴ䰵ʵ

˹ĵǽһķֵ̥ǵ
汩˹ƶ»˹ޱ˹˹̩صĽ
дѾ΢еĸԷֲ˷ǳļ㡣Ʊ
ʵʲǷϺǵԤ⣬ԱܷһͬСɵļ
顣

19923£˹һײɭʱæ̽顣
ɭЦֻذʾкϢһں˹רŸ˹˵
͸¶һЩϸڡ

422գ˹ϯѧһᣬٻѧ䷢һ
󽱡ڶ죬ճ̵ش󿴵ǿƱŶӵı档˹᳡ʱȻ
㷲˹̩һ˹̩ﵹѾһԿ
Ŷӵͼݸ˹˵һС"This says it 
all."

˹ص6λƱŶӳԱϽ̨ǵ³ɹ˹
̩ظ˹ͼȻҲչʾͼУ۵Ԥʵʲ
ݵصһȻɪƵȣͼ
ǲݶŸΧߵĸ߶Ǻȴͬĺʡ
˹ظ6£е˶űۡ

˹ظ˹ƶ»鵽һʱ̣Ź10ꡣ

19931£ɪٴѧ棬ǰĳŵ
䶯ƵͼϵСǿƱֻ9Ӳõĳݣ
Լаٷ֮һΧͼЩСĴСе
Ѿ֮С޷ͼϱʶûиıǲ
ϵ⻬ߵĺ˿Ͽֺۣ汳¶Ҳȷ
2.726ȡ

Ʊľ֤汳ԡƱҲ֤
ʵ˸÷ϵĸͬԣ٤Ī򡢸¶
תΪתȻһתᣬ˻
ͬ㣩桪ǿԿⲿ桪ûת


ͬʱƱҲ˱ĸ֮ͬŵʮ֮һ
ԣ֤˱ۣΪ漰߶ȽṹԴ䰵ʵ
ʵ۾ݡ

2006꣬ŵίԱڰѵѧ䷢ɪ˹ʱָ
ȵĳɾ͡˵ѧΪȷѧ㡱

ѧ֮Ĵ˵Ʊȸӡ˹طһͼ
һż˵ĲɫͼƬէȥϤͼ״ǸԲ
ǵ档ͼϲͬɫ־ڷ΢¶ʮ
֮һϴڵ΢С졣ǱԤġѧ
䡣

΢ԴըԼ38֮ʱ֮ǰһ
ȫ͸Ļ硣΢ʼĵһƹ⡣ˣ
ͼƬܿʱĵһƬһФ

֮ռЩ΢ĲȻ䰵еһЩ
ܼؼУȻͨǵԽԽİʺͳʣ
ؾۼΪеĴ߶ȽṹлẬϵšϵӡ̫ϵ
ͬʱڵȺ˷Ӧ֮ײḻʵĻѧԪء

˹ڽͼƬʱΪѿڶẒ̌ͬ
ϵۡ"If you're religious, it's like looking at God"ϣ
˹ӳΪϵӡthe God particleıǡϵ
ӡthe goddamn particleLeon LedermanƣΪ
ѧҵ˹غܿͺǿԵ

Ʊڹ4꣬1993ʷʹΪĻԻͽ
ּͣؿʼһƻ1995꣬ˡ΢
̽Microwave Anisotropy ProbeơͼMAP
ļƻΪƱȵļ̳ˣͼøȷ΢
ͼ


δ


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