                           ˿µϣ2020315գ

20.10-14ûи
20.03.15, ˿20203º
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˿¶Ůܺع硢Զ㡢ȱޣӺСѧ
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ɳҰҽ˼άġ졡ʵ
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2020222գÿһٵ2·н

΢Ϣ¹ڷõĹյڳ֡ڵСȻ
ź˿գǧƽҵСֻڣҪ֤
֤ͳ֤

֮ʿʼĹͣ겻ᣩֽݿڻûлָǰ
⳵ָӪˡȥľһӱӰϡ٣Ҽ
ְٵÿ˶ſ֡

ӦҵһӦլڼѾӽ30ˡÿС
С԰޹żȥСڵ̵߲˵

һжġ˿20201ºŷ׾ֹ
ıдһģдһǧȴֱδܳƪ

һӦʱڵ㣬ﵽ³дԼ2020126գĴ
˺ֹܿشʩʼϣȾӰƺÿһˡ

ҵĸ˸оƺһԤݡ

ϲǴȻĹɡɽʡ˿Ϊ9500򣬽ӽһڡ
ÿһҪ70ˣ2018Ϊƽһ1900ˣ
ɽƽ㣬Ӧǿսʤǰˣʱ˿ں1969
1971˿ڻһȵĳ˿ڽƽ
ʱÿһȻ70ˣ

ظһΣϲǴȻĹɡ

ҶĿֲ΢΢鷢չڵ222յ죬ɽ
Ϊ˴¹ڷֻˣлһλ85̡

ʵβûʲôµġŰŷ޵˿ĺ
ȫ˿컨ûпȮٷְٵʿ¡Я
ȮĶҪǹҧ˶磬ɡ

222յȫȷﲡ¹ڷ
Լٷ֮㼸ӡ

йĶ¹ڷҪ֣ڽϱ
Сȫزֲ̳СȣʵѾ
Ϊǿƴˡ

Ϊ2003ǵ֯Ĳֵļ䣬
Ȼ֯ȻǴַ
֯2020129ר¹ڷ׷ָϣȷָ
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һҼΪ֪֯ĵʵ
һˡ

Ǻųȫѧ10%û뵽֮г˲Ƿ
ѧĺἶ⹤ߡǺǡ

йĽֵҪ󴫵ݵأļضֲ
׼͹淶ϸҪԵúܿЦ֡ζ֡ѱ֤
޷һҽƿ֣ԣʵ϶ܷΪܷ
N95ϷĲſԣͷ϶ǹڶϵģ

ֵһǣΪˡѹҽλҲȾ
ڷ׵ͬ£ѵİ֮һ΢˵⣩֪βᴫ
ȾԲȡܵķʩȴΨ۾

߼˼άһ£ȻѾ֤ʵԷĭ۾۲λ
ǷֲΧȵȶǲõ壬ֻڱǶŹ۾𣿶
ǿҪֶרŵҽƻĿЩ˴ʧˡ߼

˴ʧˣϼҵ׻ǡͷ롱

ۺ˶෽Ϣ˼ҵǣҽƻԱǲ
ˣûбҪ֡ͨ˴ֳӰԼĽǺʺϲϸ
塢Ӱ˻Ƥֻ֢ǺޱҪ˷
ҽԴǵֲز㣬ȫֵҪʹñôֵ
ϡȱ֡

Ҳȷʵϡȱʡǰһҽƿ֣ܼ20ֻ
5Ԫңֻ3M֣۸ˣȻʱߵĿֻŻûд
ݵڵ³Сһҽƿۼ۸ëһֻǵҵ
󣬳ɱҲһëĿ֣ڽ֮ʵĵһԪǮһֻ
ļۣעռ223սӵֻںϢ³ĳҩ꽫ִ1.5Ԫ
Ϊ2Ԫһֻܶط۸׵üԪһֻиǺϵƵ
ΪԻ֡С֣ǸЦһԼʮֻװĿֿԻһƿ
2006ę́ƣ

Ա򲻵ˣͷ˼

뵽˼ʱۡﵽٻôôģ
ﵽٷ֮ٵʱ򡭡

ΪһӦȫԵķָ룬ӽһµʱˣʱ˿
լڼе뵽һǣӦȣԼ뵽һǣҭʳ
ҵҵͲ˵ˣҵҵȫֹͣ⵼ֳҵֲ
ҵشɫҵ˵дҵԱ򣬸ɨƽ˵ġ⡱
һ¹ڷȫˡ

һμɲǽά֮ͣڣ
֪¿ֻţ˵ǵ¾֣ٻҪһʱղֹ

ѾʢҺƵ˵ĶŸոտʼ
ܶҪЩԶߵĶѧϰڿԽ붬ߵ״̬ģʽ

ϣ

йͳƾֵݣйһ˿Լ890򣨰Ȼ
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1000ҵйƽ77꣨һ˵72꣩ǰ㣬˿ڴ
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Ŀǰ¹ڲɵԱ2500ˣҽᲹһ
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˼ÿ춼ǰδеıˡκʹޡ

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˽ڵǰҹصļҲ䲻ĳЩ˽̰־
ǽֿ֪֪ŻеĲҵ
֪尾ѰĲʹҲ֪ҵһ¹
ʧȥϣͷǵȫȴֻĳЩˡΰҵһ
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37һСʱСеˮʱĻ
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ؽӵȨƶȹЮ֪Ļ㡢Ҫ츣
ּϴ۾šʥ뱩־塷ʾʵ֣100
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Ҳǡһȥ̨˷Įڣƻ衱ڷ
һֵȥػĶ·ҲһЩҲǷ
ʿfit to liveı׼˰ غգ


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֮ŮƺһرУǰݵ
˵ŮǸ׵תˡͬ˵ָокܴĲ졣

ҵŮǸʥĴʻ㣬ᲴŮKumari
ʥࡢ顢һ޿ɱĴڡ

ָоԴҳɳγɵĽᡣ

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ڽΪ˸꣬İιԸҵĺǸŮɡ
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Ůھꡣʱתڡһѧ
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档ִᣬҽϤֲҵܡ

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ӡרעĿӡ²š

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Ů6Сѧĵһ죬˵иͬѧ޹ֻе
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شԶǷµĶŮծ



ʱۣ´ҴҡŮСѧССѧо
ҵһᡣ뿪ҵʱԽԽҲԽԽԶҵ
ĽŲԶͯߣԸߣҲߡ

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ҵꡣôҵŮвŮ
KumariĬĬԸԸŮԶҪҲ֪ǲ˽
磬֪ҵʵ⡣

ʵţµŮǶǸǵŮKumariǸ
Ψһͬǣλһһ


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1

һλصӣܷСꡣ

СǰʧٵģԼȥ衱Էٳû
г֡Ҹ绰˵ڷɻϡɻԺһȫ
İĵط˵ֻڡ

ֻڵĵطʲôӣҲֻ֪ϣȱǸǶ
졣С䡣

ӴҲûмС꣬ҲûκϢСϳ
ʧ֪ʧ

ڵҡߵԼȥߵԼ

СĴӡͬǣҵʱѲ
ҵһԺڴڵСӡҵҺӡȻֱ
ȻؼǵҺȹζҵΪҶġϲ
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΢ʮûʲô仯屧ҹȥĵڶ죬һĳз
˵ҡ˵ͽ˳ˣȥ
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ӽͰ͡ǶԷڴһ죬ƻʱ˦ǧǮ
ұߡ˵˯ңͻȻޡ˵Ҫȥ
ˣҪţͷһѡ嶺˵¥
¥£Ƶ绰ţߴ壬ӿһĿӡ
ڰ֣ǶԷ޸Ͽ뿪ȻԼؽӣ޵ñһס
һ̽ģʱǶԷѾͨسǵĹһ·
Уͣ㣬ܳ˷ٶȡǧǮǸ
ҴŮ˻¹һ·űһؼҡ
һֱҿ˵ԭ㲻һӵҿЦ˵㲻
ҿЦ֣һ¡ЦǸ
һֱҵϣֱҵһ뿪ӡ

ǰϲĵطǴڡвݣлк
µعҺ͸ߺܹȥŵڴܴ
Ŀڴһǻһ㣬ȻʱĿڴֻװ֡
ȱߺӣٱңȻһǣһ˵ؼ҆
˸ߺӣҾͻȱңߺӾͻϲҡ
ĺӲѧ裬ѧ˱ߺͯʱܵ
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岻ͬһǻȱߺӣٱҡֵ
Ҳܺܳʱ䣬һֱ衣ȫ˵ķȫ
ģȫ˵·ȫġܣкóԵģȫøǡ

ڲԶһСɽҵȫÿ嶼
ҵҵķǰΰβݣռֽǮٹļͷǰ
֪ԭҵ衣֮ǰһֱΪҺ
ɵˡǵС꣬ڴڣɽСء
ʼɽƣҶȥٺŬ˵Լ
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ڳһȺӣСЩʵһ
򵯹׽򾣬͡ǰ￴棬߿
Զ˼ʲôң֪ʲôҲ
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Сĸľΰʴ֡ļҾ߲ÿȴ
áҺСʱһŴֱķʮ꣬
廹Сĸ׳ҲŷڣʵƤֲڣٷɵ
ǡɻʱϲһοڣȻ棬ɹ̫
š֨֨ѽѽһŨȳɰˮǰ۷֮
ɫʵأϸܵĻƣȥ·Ʈ
ƶˡʱСὫ͵ᵽڣɵ棬СԱߣҡ
ҡҡҡ翪ʼСԶĺˮ

С꣬һɡָݣ
ӻߺȣֻ衣ΪӻӻΪ
ܹ衣һѼܰѼˮڴڴ
ڿӻȻԱߣԵԳɳƵͳǷУ
棬һǰȻ˳ŽŰ壬ֱ꣬͸
ѪҺ͹Ժҳ룬ҲǵһλҲΨһһ
λ֡ڴס죬ֱӻ뿪죬С
ĸͬʱʧ١̫ɺϡСĸ״δ˵һ仰
һûкúÿСĸһۡСĸֻǡ
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ΪСŰ顣ֹһζ˵ĸס

СĸʧԺСĸױøӳĬʱԼڼ
һ첻ϳšһȾƣȸˣס壬޸ûûˡ
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ҸûзĻᡣܵڣʼǿþ
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СĸһֱǿֳéȻֱڣ
ڡСĸСĸףͬǣĸл
ĿܣȻĸףٴγ֡

ﴫдϲ˴߾Ĵ
ӣӭһ

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꣬ҺСһ׶԰Ӵ߽ӣԼʮף
׶԰׶԰˴ãȴ¾ɿտ
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ܺǧֽ׹õǽڣ紵ҡڣַС
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˵

Ϊ׶԰֮ǰá桢ɥϲ
ҪûǵµҪ˵
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䣬ƣʳͻȥˡǵ
˾ɱˡܵ˼ȴٺĶȫ
ãҲϣһֱǵ׶԰мģ
һԶãȻĳһֻ֡
С꣬ûü

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Ĺظң֮֮ȥ

ȺһֽɻǷɵָԶĿ
Ǵһѩ׵־ȥ׶԰֮ǰͻʮڵļӼᳪС
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߱ĳءǵİ೤ȴǺߺ
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ܣܰ飬ֳײײ͡㣬
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ҥܻ᲻ơͻȻһ죬ƻ裬һƥͷ׶԰ǰ档
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ǼᶨΪǺǵļԡûˣûûĿߡ

ļһƥƥģСꡢߺӡݡ
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ȥһסĴ׶԰ˡǡҺСͶ׶԰
һ졣ҲǴ쿪ʼǸ׶԰һαΪá

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͸ŻשߣŵõζһһŰ
Աߣк˺ͰŰᦡܻ֤һЩ
ϲߣϲ

һ¡

3

ǰ·ǴСѧˡУӵĽ
ɣʷֵĵ壬ӵ⡣ѧУ꼶칫
ңʮңʮʦٶӣһӿݵĲٳһ֪
˶ľͷܡĺӶСѧȻϰ߽
Сѧֿ⡱

ǵСѧĵһ죬Уڲٳһ޴ĺȻ󣬶
꼶ĺǼ峪һסǹӰˡǻӭ
ѧʽС걻ֵͬһ࣬Ǹγһëзһ
ڴ壬ʶ壬һ죬ҴɸߺӡҸǸԭߺӵ
硣˵Ŷһҵҵд¡ԭһ߶ԭ
ߺӵĸߣƽԭԭд꣬ҵӸңƺҲû̫Ȥ
ҸҰһλȻʼΡģдҲз
һǶһʣڰϺܿë׵зצ۶Щ֣
Ȼë׿δȥ칫Ҳ˵ССͣô
ˣȥҶ˵Ҫһ۾ǵûϲ
˵ۼҪѧ˵¿Ǿͳţˣ˵
ҪǲţǾ͵ſڶʹȥҽԺһ۾Ӵ
Ϊһ֣ҲΪ˳Цҵİѱ

һǵõһпԣҵȫΨһһ˫ٷ֣ð
ҹĿ࿴ҵǰţ˵ָЩָָ۾˵
塣˵ǰҲ˵ҲҲܿȫһֽ
ԸֹΪ죬ҵ壬˵⺢ӽسɴ
һߺҲҪ˵һ꼶ٸ򣡺ߺ
һ꼶ȴûжĳŵߺӲҵľ߽һ꼶
ңҵľ·;ЬӡСһŵңȴûгΪҵĹ
ȥ

ʼΪߺӶҵĳ޾ΪС꣬»Ĳ
ߺӣҴű˴Ƶڿʹɵ·űĥ
ֻʣһͷǦʣҲߺޡϾӡ

ʵҲ̿ࡣܶʱѧԺ󣬵ߺӻдҵܽѧУ
Ĺ԰͵ժЩӡ԰ҵģܻ
ûгʱɽ䱸ʯͷͺݸվڷڣҴդķ϶
ȥСͨժͬɨһ㡣һұץţҵƨ
ţൽǰκ壬һɨ㽫ҵƨ
˻ݵһΣ֮ǰҲңȴֻļ
ʽûȡſ˯ģҿԱߵĸߺ죬
ͣЦ

ƨɲʹһδӵ⡣дɬζ
һֽ̬Ը£˵վڷڣ߸ɴ಻
磬ֱȥ͵С֪Ϣץ
ץôأܲҲһȭšһ⣬
ûвͬĵӴˣÿһ죬ҶܳԵΪ͵ӡ

ߺȻܡ׶԰ʱͬ߰˸ս޲
ʤ·ѧĺӣҪƤҪǦʣҪǹҪߣҪ
ǮͷܣͷߺƤûá
ߺӵѧϰɼԽԽò꼶꼶ʱѡ
ߺճΪѧУĺӣϤѧУÿһ֪ѧУÿ
һʦƢԡСѧճΪ

һ꼶ʼһֱǰϵѧϰίԱߺһֱǰϵͶίԱ
ѧϰίԱΪҹκãߺͶίԱΪʦͼøɻɢ
ʢľߺӵȷϲͶ˵ʹѧУҲԶ
ڽдһƪһֵ̹ߺض˵Ǹ
˵ЩʱԺȾƣżϣ̣һԲ
ʵǴҾͷٻصӡܴ﷢ʲôٻ

ΪκãҳΪĽڼҵĵλҲվ죬
ڼҸϰΣȴҪϸߺµءߺϲµأϲ̬ȡ
ǵһΣ̲סҲ׶ӣ㶣
ܿϴѧ𣿸ߺӱΣŭ˲Ϩʵµܷϴѧ޹أ
Щǰҵɱһš룬Ҳ岢
²ҿϴѧܴõʲôҹңֻ
ΡûĻϣУûѧϣ
ҪǣҵͻȻȥƶ³˿־ͷߺޡ
ǮסڳͿȥҽԺڼңͲ
ȥǮסڳҵͿȥгԼȥ
Ͳȥôиɩӣһ
аְֺ衣ܶʱִؽƶ˰뱲ӵĴׯ
ҳΪϣݺͼڡ

˵СѧʱߺӾУԣһѧԣһְԡ
뿪Сѧȥ϶ѧߺȴȻСѧٺҶУ
ȥУߺСѧҵҵ죬еʦһ
ߺѲһϲܵĺӣΪһ⡢һ˵
һַšʹڣߺӵֻڲٳߵϣڽĿ
ϣڿССѧֻһ㣬ȴǸߺ
ҫȫ

СѧڣЩڣѱУİڡСѧη£
ȴǰǰܵģСѧУҺǵļ䣬ҲñøһЩ
ѧУģкǴѧУܳϲءǽȥ
ǮͲС

ЩԶı䲻ˡס

4

ͶԺ󣬳죬ҺٻصӡʵӾϲԶ
ҲһҪסޣҾǲҵʼ֣ϳ
ɫëұðϴͷˢݷḻǧٹ֡Сû
ֵͬһ࣬һǶѣ˴˺ٽ
ܶʱʹѧУҲٴк

ÿĻƻ裬Ҷһɸгش塣гҵ
ѧôµĶҪһӣȴֻ
ش岢Ϊ壬ΪѧУ첻ԣһؼ
ֻһĿģԡ

ʱߺȻڶСѧȻÿѧԺڴΡҲ죬ȴ
ңһΨɼһȡԷʱ᲻ͣѧУ
ȴûаȤ̲ס죬ͻ룬ݺݵ
һۡʱͷǳˣﲻķʽǽи
ӡһҰҹ˵ЩƤǸӡ
˵꿴ϡ˵ĶӣҪ㴫ġ˵ڲ̣ܽ
ˣʲôĻûҸоҸѹ
ǵҿϴѧǵҿϴѧԺ󣬻᲻
á

ȻȥسǣصУÿֻشһΡʱĸߺӣѾѧ
ڼҡ

ƻøߺӶУ¿죬ߺӻڴһк
Ѫкĸҹ˼Ǹְһֻµĸ
͸ǣݡˣߺԶڲҳ
˵ɣҲ㡣ߺӾսսس˵Ȼе
Ķˮ͹ˡߺû˵С˵ˣʡ
ԺѧУˡߺӶ壬ȷûиЦæ˵Ҳ
ˡ

ߺӻġҲȷţô

¸ߺѧԭʵûпϳУΪȫУΨһһû
ϳеĺӡǶʱоڵ⣬ߺӹڼ
²׼šУҹ˵ߺֻһ֣С£һ꣬϶
ϡ˵꼶У˵ҲöôСĺӣ
飬ͷϵˡ˵ϵͷϵҶûָˡ

ߺʽΪһũʱûйʮա

ҿʼ¸ߺӡÿºò׻һΣҲҸڳȥȥ
ͷȥӱߣȥ֣ȥݣȥĹ԰ȥиߺӲ
ֻʱֵĵطʱոոбҵصӣһ
ŪǸ԰

԰ѾϣĽ£ƻ
ƻոչҹԲԲǳÿڹ԰һݣǰһ
ΣңݲΪֻΪϲر죬Ƶ
ºͣΣۣĶƻ˵
ҿϴѧÿ¸ҼƻһֱĵҴѧҵʱͳ׳
˳ˣңüۣ˵ϡҵƻˡ

ҡʡڲŰңڳʱͰҡ
СѧʱͰҡ׶԰ͰҡЩƻ֮
ľôֿɼ

ÿλصӣҶȥĹ԰һƻˣǾһ
ͻƻˣǾһƻƻǾڲ
ǰ졣һʱΪҰˣֱƻ԰ߺӡ

壬ûشӣΪڣѧУǰż١û
Ȼؼңȥ˹԰ƻļڣվڴڣҾᵽƻ
Ҳҿ϶һϲ˵ӰӵңȻ
Žڹ԰ܡȻӭҵģǸߺӡ

ߺϣۣավԱߣַΣҡ
ҡҡҡ翪ʼԶĺˮͻȻߺӻͷ
ң˵Ҿ͹ȥֿ˵ѧժõƻ
תʱߺӳû֡ЦܿȫϰΪı顣
Ȼ󣬸ߺۣգǰҡҡҡҡ
һͻȻʶǶˡǲٽȻǵս
ߺİֻΪҪЩʧ
ȥһУ밮Ľ

Ȼʱ򣬸ߺͻȻҺϲ忴ң
ʲôҲû˵ԼûаߺӽռУ
һǲһǿҵʧȥܸСǸ˲䣬뵽Сꡣ

С꿼ʮ֮һСѾܾûҲûκй
Ϣ

ȻһصѧУҾ漣ؽӵСšС˵ϸ
һݹڿҪҪѧ򹤡Ҹţ˵ˣ
ôҲһԡҵĻżϿңΪ֪ĳɼûп
ѧϣСܿţ˵Ҳôġ˵ܿΣ
ʱҺúþһۡ˵һξۻᣬҶѧ
ͼˡûиţȴͻȻ˸С˺ʲôӣ
̥ʮʲôӣʲôӣҲȥ롣޷ȥ롣

Ȼ󣬾Ӫ㤵尾ʼռֻҪҷӰ˳ɣܹ
˳ϴѧɶûзӳҴͷɥػؼңҿߺ
СƺҸ߿˵顣ɼ
Ȼɽĩգû˵Ҳܾκ
˵һ仰ڴϣԺһһسź̡Ϊ
һȥʮꡣҹ԰ϣҡҡҡ
ҡ綯ұԶĺˮһִֻҵļȴ
СꡣٺߺͬʱǰΪժһ
ƻ

ЩƻұýǴѧȻڣֻʵʵشڴӡ
ҿʼЩƻͣؿУͣؿУֱоԼһֻԲļ
ըܡ

ƻֽҸСҡ˵仰ꡣ

5

ҸĽ龹ȻǸߺģȻʱҲж
ʵϵһ̣Ҿ֪˶ѡҸͬһλ
ʦżȻʧָͷ죬һλᣬʹöԷӣʹ
ԷҲɻʤ

ߺӽҸͬˡͬ
˵ҷ֪ϣҸҲϣܿϴѧ
᲻øߺӡʱߺӸȥʯҳʱÿҪԿİ
ˮ࣬׬ĿǮ˵۵㵹£ߺе
Щ۳ˮ೧üְΪ۳סҽԺЩסȥҲ
ûг˵ߺûбҪȥ׬ǮߣߺûбҪ
׬ȡһѡ

ʱߺѾԴܡ˵Ĵ㡣˵ҪЩǮ
Ǽ߷ȻȢ߱ŮˡǮΪǷǷΪ飬
ļƻûҡ

һ꣬걧ءɲũҪÿЩ
ҩƬ׽⡣ߺʱͦͻȻоԶҸ
һˡҲǴһʽ壬Ϊһ֮

ߺӵȷָ׳ҹԺ裬͹ⳣԲ
λࡣʶÿһˣ֪ÿһ˵֣֪Ӧγƺǣ
ϵ˶ϲȫũɵúܺãׯھʿ
һݾ˵ϲáϦദ
εسϣֻǸһõšֻамֵ򣬱
Ϊ˵Ц

һ꣬ҷѧϰֻعδӣһǹ꣬һǸߺӱ
ˡøߺǮϰϣ򷽱棬ţ̣ԿڷҺ
ʦȥݳԷÿҶһȻ龰һȻ
ҲͷСӣٸ

ߺǹˡ纸ӻʱ𳧷ըǽϢĸߺӱһ
ըϵĸ̴ֹܴ˴ȡʼʹԼǸֹܰγ
ͽҽԺʼ˺ѷεС죬أ裬ң
Сܹ꣬뵽ĶʹಢûмᡣȴӴ
ϵȻԺ󿴲ˣȴʹҼߺӵʱѾԺ
ڴϣ죬üߣһë˿
ΧĲӬߺӳЦЦȴˡ˵ҪǻϣҾͰ
Ҳۣ

ܸɳܡ

ûпϡѧԵ֮ǰĵĶ
˿ϣҲ벻ҹõսľг
ͿֹʵԱʵԱܴϢҲ
Ϣν尾ν꣬νˡȻдһ
˿ϣ䶨һǳױʱߺӵȣոܹµء

һ羲ֹڴϣü֨֨ת֮
סۣܿԺһһس̣ܿ
ҵ·һϴܿߺϹЦЦı顣Ȼҿ
СꡣСվҵǰ˵ȥߡʱѺ͸ȥ
ҿԺСȥƬֻ֣ǡͬ
Сϲĵط֡

˵ϲֵ̤ʵ

¹µӰҡС꿪ʼϿ֣һ
СѧʱǹͬùǦʵֿڿĵط˵Щ
ֱ㹻̡Сꡱ̡ԭ̡ߺӡ̡
ݡ̡ʯͷ̡ȷǡ̡ʱת̡
̡ԸճɾЩ֡;ӣ˵
ûκ塣ҹѾƮűĵɫƲ˿ߣ
Զ͡С£˵ˣûؼˡҡҡͷ
˵ᵣġ

ûϻؼҡȷ⵽ǲһΡ
󣬶УУ֣ϲطԼ
Ȼøĳɵ׶԰̽£½裬ûиͷ
ˣߣСĻ䣬̬
ӣǣһڳеĻ԰ҶڵתҲߣ
鹹ĸԭʵҵֽߺӣһҵ
ףҴδйһΪĴ󲮣ߣֻһֻ˼
Ļţ˿ɽϳԲݣůůţԶͯѣ
Ȼ˯ȥһйȻˡҲֻҲû
ֻû˯ȥ˯ȥ˯
˯ȥ˯ȥңΪԼѾ

߲Сꡣҵϸ··¶ʪ
֪ȹһҹѰС
ϵЩ֣ЩѾһΰɣǴ˿̣
С·

һصңը˹ѾȥӱҹΣιȥ
ӰѴ˸顣ݺݵ˦һƣҵĶ
ͬʱһֻ֪ƣĲЩһֱڽУһֱڽУ죬
졣

ǷҪһȥóĽǣȥΪ忪ʼ
ߺǱ⳥⣬֪סĨᣬ˵ڰѸߺӵϱ
˰ʱߺԺ񣬸ͷ߸߾£һľӦ


ǰߺӸյõһ⳥ȴȥӡ˵Ǯ
һȣ޵ݺᡣ

塢ߺӣʼĻΡҽǵȴȻܰ
ԼǵļˡҲ֪Ϊʲô˵Լ

ҷ˸˵ֵء˵ôݣɲ˻˵У
ֵء˵ᡣ˵ѧֵءѡֵأ
Ϊ޷ǣΪ޷Լ¡һӶϴ
ѧһӶϴѧ

ÿһ죬Ҹ͸ߺµظɻĵũһ
ȥͻֱһϼͷͻĵʹҷ֣
أһһ־塣һ뵽롣

ȻڴꡣС˩סҡҵˡ

ϲƬֽС֡ɢ죬׷
֣Сÿһ϶ǵ֡СɴཫǰѴ
Ҳõȥҡҡҡҡö
ҺСԶ

С˵Ҳڴ˵Ҳ롣С˵Գȥ
˵Ҳ롣С˵һȥ˵ҲҡС˵ϲ
˵ϲС˵Ϊܲڳﰲң˵ܡС˵
ڴĲˡ˵С˵ϲһӴڴ
˵ϲС˵ǰɣ˵СҲҡ

ĲҡȥУʲôأӶˢɾ
ȵӣڳй԰ʯϣ·ĵһһ
ֵϡ

С˵üΣڣһ죬˸ߺӡʸߺӣϲ
𣿸ߺ˵ϲС˵أߺ˵ǰˡС˵ȥ
к𣿸ߺ˵ðС˵ǻ᲻ߺظ˵ҿ
ȥַ

ܶʱ򣬾ʱ򣬸ߺӵ͵塣żͶ·
ĿȥַҲܡҶС꣬ҿСǰסߺӵ֣
˵ɣ

ǰҿǵϡǺСһϿ
ĹҶԱڴĸߺӣҽƱ˵ֻ
Ц֮ҹһ뷨Ȼıж

ҵС꣬˵ѾͨǡС˵Ѿ
Ӧ˸ߺӡ˵㲻ϲֻҸ顣СĬ˵Ը
⣬ϾߡС˵ʲôҲû׼˵׼ˣ
͸ıˡҴСȥڣһȥسǵĹǡͣ£קС
ϳС겻ͣͷʵҲǺһı⣬Ǻ¸ߺ׷
͵ƻ뽾顣ʱС
ߺӣûа顣

Ƭ֮ǰҽߺƭȥ˹԰˵㣬ȥˡŵ
ػҡҲµûԺ󣬵ߺӺžƣ
̸£ߺ˵統ʱҵĻһͷҡ

֮һ죬Ҹ֣ӣߺӺ塣С걼У
ͬ

6

׵ӣӡ˵ԶʱһӴû
лصϡСӣ֣ǵĴӡ
˵ϾǴ˵ţȻСӶڴ˵ν
жີСӴδɺԣжСӴδһˮˣ
ϺȺӱ«έףСĹؾ커ŴˣŴˡС


ΨһһСˡˮϥȥ쳣
Ρ˵Ϊҹȥ͵ںɰúӵ׶һˮİӣ
ȻȥѰգԲӵװӡɳĮƽ̹
֮ǰﱾһƬƽ̹ɳĮֱ׹䡣Σ
ȴ׵ģǲסΣ彫󣬸ߺΪҲеһ
ȣȴرѡҳ룬ˮһҪȡһ˵
Ǹ˸ҡǴӺ˵ıߣҲΪһԱ

С곣̸ӣԳе޺ʱͬںӱߣǳ
̸е޺硣

ҺСȥ˳ег̫¼ҷݹ
ˡÿ˽ʮǮȻС걻ȥһӳұȥһ
СĹǲȦÿʮСʱ˵ָһᱻǯĥ
͸ĥ⣻ҵĹǸᣬÿҲʮСʱܾĴ̱
ζὫҿķҳ̴żǻҴҼһ棬ڵӳǰ
ͳǰСҴʮǮҴҴСʮǮﲢ
ҺĳǾĭ໥ʪԷ㡣ҸСҸ
͸ߺдһⳤţ˵ҳΪḺ˵ϲС꣬˵
֮ԲǶ⵽ǵľܾСңô˵˵
һٿǮСʣǸߺأ˵ߺӸҼǲ˵

ʱ룬ߺӼìܣҲܻ⡣

ʱҺСȥһˣʱǵߵѾӪҵߵ
ӻʵͷװ֮䣬ҺС꣬û
ܹ

һߺӲ˵ȴɱңɱûк
ڵʱúֱͬһ˲ҷŭľ̾šѪ
ֻ룬Ȼһҡ˵ʲôѪΪˣ˵֮ǰԹһ
ʹһһͿءߺӲ߱ĵڣ
ֶݡҲԱߵС꿴ʼգСû
һۡߺӶ룬˹ˡȹ⣬ȴһζʲȥС
룬һǺɤӣͣؿȣͣؿȣտȳᡣ

ԷʱС͸ߺû˵һ仰ҺȾƣҽĹ£
ǵ˼ЩѾİٵĹϡ֪ԺҴ
ô졪ԺǷܴڳУСһҲ֪
СҲ֪

ŸߺӶСĸ顣ҶСĸ顣Ҵ
ߺС꣬ΪǣΪǵСꡣߺС
ΪĵΪСĵڣСһ
ӵĶԹСճΪ˳ˡ

ЩԹõ𣿾ܣԺأҶδ֪˿־塣

ҹСȥƬ֣һλֵˡ˵ֱа
֮ǰеӣȫСѰµЩ֣־Ȼڡ
˵ҲǴӵﳤġӻʱǾڡ˵ı
棬ҺС겻òš

ȥ˺ӱߣ¹µĺˮ㡣ںϣеһִδ
̤ʵָһƬˮС꣬ҵġΪҲ
㣬˵Ϊòֵ

С꿪ʼȴ֪ΪʲôҽִļҵĻ
޵øסҹС꣬ᣬеĹ
뿪һͻȻԾˮ棬¹ɫĶǸʯ쾪


СңǸҹͻȻԤеʧȥҡµǣԤ
ʧȥ뿪ҵıѡǿһߵ꣬ܺ
ǰߵһ߹˾Ⲣֹ뿪ҡ
ӱߣųеĽֵڳеĽֵϽֵ
СӡС겢֡µִԶԶԼԶԶ

һԺԼĹ˾˾ٲά裬Ͷ·֮ʱһͷ
ػصӡܴҵϿһСӱߣ
ָһƬˮ˵ģȴֻΪ㲶㡣ҿ
˵˵Ҿˡҿ˵
ˮӳһʯͷʯͷˮϱֹþòˮŤ
ͷʱضסҡ˵Ҫ٣

ǱǮǸߺӵ⳥屾ǱǮ߷˵
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1. й人Ϻг͹״»
http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-01/27/c_1125504355.htm
2. ѱšթ뽻ס  й걨  2011
081902 棩
3. ҽǴɽס ӡ
4. ΪʲôйôҰζ޷
5. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel 
coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. 
Roujian Lu et al, The Lancet, Volume 395, Issue 10222, 8C14 February 
2020, Pages 391-393.
6. Discovery of a novel coronavirus associated with the recent 
pneumonia outbreak in humans and its potential bat origin. Peng Zhou 
et al, BioRxiv, https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.22.914952

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Ժܴ˺ǰ²ܽкĸ׶εٴЧ֤

˫ä˼ͷΪЧжϵĽ׼Ǿʵ
飬ѱ֤֮ЧġȻʵһҩĿǷǳ
ӵģҪѴԴҲҪܳʱ䣨ͳƽһҩ
зҪʮԪҪ810꣩ҲԶԶ
Чڣܹߵһ˵ѾͨǰڲԺͼ
飬ΣΪһҪһЧšɰ
ڴһ١Ĺؼá־ͳƣҩ￪ɹĸʴǧһ
֮һҲ˵ƽÿǧһʼзҩֻһɹ
ͨЧСɴ˿ɼҩƵѳ̶ȡʹˣҲҪϸҪ
󣬾ҽ˵ΪִҩﲻԽ׳أ
ԽĻִҽѧĴ˲ͱˡӦģϸִ
Ķ׼ʹ׼еҩЧõ˱֤ʹ档
֯ߣйصҩƷܲţҲõõ
ҩƷʳƷ֣FDAΪκҩFDAļϿɣϾ
ڻȫ֤ͨ

ۣԼͱӦ
ҩЧȻͱֻпֻ֣
ռһ㣨עЩûԻ
ԺСļ˵ոһһʼг
ʵ֮ϵ߼κεԭݵĿǰ˵վסŵģ
ڽҽѧѧµķչ˸Ӽɿķ
׼ȷģֻͣҪͨͿȷҩãַ
Ҳϸļǿɿġԣȷ
·Чжϣ

	Լ;飻
	˻ҽ֤ԣ 
	ˡȨ֮ˣκļӳֺƣ
	ͳģഫģ˵δľ飻
	ֻƾĳʾ˵
	˵ġ鹹ġκ֤ԣ
	κηֶΣлܻߣȡ֤
	Ȼб׼κִв϶֤

ΪͨڣҲӦ߱ĿѧʶжرǵԼ
ֱĳָ飨飩ѧĽ۲һʱҪŸ
ձĿѧۣҪ֪ܶѧ۶ǷֱģȻ߱
רҵ֪ʶоԼҲȥ̽

ΪһʵԸΪֹûһгҩͨϸ
FDAĴ˫äռ飬ҩܣгҩ
ĶòֱעΪвȷ֤ҩжɷ֣
Ϊ֪Ǻҩгֵ֤ݱܵ²
˻ΰгＸʮǱڣҩ
ҩϸҩҩ漰гҩμӡһµĲҩ
°棩

ǺĽۺƶϣЧҩڵΨһֵκκųҩ
ĶӦϸģ˫äռ飬֤Чûо
ϸЧġҩƭ˵ģһЩοãò
ġҩǺܿܺ˵ģʵҲ֤ȷˡˣӦԶЩҩ
ӦԼһ£ҪһΪԼĸԺйȥ
ñδϸҩһΪԼİȫԼʱ׷
ЧܿʹЩҩһα


͡סססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

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ߣʮͳ

˹1.8׿ھġά̹Զ60ֱ꣬
1917űԽһ꣬ɼиѷɽ̨һ
ھ2.5׵ȻҪҵʵҵҺˣJohn Hooker
ҲΪԶ

ѷɽ̨Ҳ20ͳֵģ࿨ڻ
Andrew CarnegieĿڻѧоԺտʼƫع
̫ǵһ1.5׿ھԶά̹ѷһԶ
̾͸ı˸֡

ǸͱǨ֮ʣĸҲڱ仯ŷ޵Ĵͳھ˥
ˡսҺѾ׽⣬԰νġƽʱ
Gilded AgeȫĹҵһµıռĹ۲ǰء

ȻҵҲ鷳1880ڣƤ־ͷڹ
ƬԽԽԭǸʿѾŵУ
԰ԵԽԽǿҵĹȾʱ밮Thomas 
Edisonڻ׳Ҳʮꡣ

1887꣬ƤֺĵܵƤʶԶĿࡢ
ɣǵݣͼҵʵĵصԶϡĸɽϽµĹ
վǺΪʽȱδԸʱ¸Ѿ
ǡ

ѷɽĵһ̨̫ƽ󺣰500⣬
ھɽɽиĺܶɽϵ̨1888ɣѷɽ
20ꡣҲϵһڸɽ֮۵̨Ǽ
׸ʵҵˣJames Lickų̂ܿɣõ
Զĵ֮¡

Ȼװǹڣ20ͳѧҶʶ18͵
ǰЪȴûж󳤽ͱʱ˹٣Cornelius Easton
Ϳ̹Jacobus Kapteyn¹ʩӢİٵȶԺЪ
ǵķʽٶȴĦӵ״˹Ȱӻ״⣬
ĿеȻǺЪ軭Բ

ЪӺĴСԼΪ6000ꡣꡱһͨ׵
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Parsecλ1ԼΪ3.26ꡣһѧΪӿӦ
ڼ¡ҲЪһ϶ڵ̫ϵǡôڱӵ
ġʹھԵģƫҲ̫ΪӵϿӻ
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ѷɽϵɳHarlow Shapleyȴ˵еΡ

ɳƧһũڽСѧֻһ
ҡûѧؼңũѧ15ΪС
Ǯϰϴѧֱ21ʱԸѧ¼ȡ

¿ѧԺϵУŷֿѧˡҲ
ţһγ¼ͷȥϵĿΡĸ˳һ
ǿţarchaeologyΪʶʣֻ÷ڶ
astronomyѡˣӴ˸ıȻֻҵ٩
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Ȼȫûֻѧҵһõ˶ʿѧ
λӮýѧȥ˹ٴѧ졣ʦѧ̩أHenry 
RusselֻȡʿѧλƼȥѷɽ̨

ȥ֮ǰɳշ˹Ѿһ
ٵĿũڼдˣúøɣΪ֪
ΪĹ̨̨һֱ³۲վϰĻıףSolon 
BaileyҲڣɳѷɽԶúõؿ״š
globular cluster

Ϊģأž͡ѷɫˡǿԿ
ɣ໥¾۳һšΪ䡰ʵ
һֱרעƵѧҺӡ

ɳѷɽȻҵҵǸ1.5Զ˺ü
Ƭһʱɽ״ųͬʡûʱϸ
۲ɽϵо˴ϸµĲóĳϵٶ
ȫɵر¶Ⱦӱۣһƪķţ༰Ŀѧġ

ȻøĻǹŵģһͬ
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һֲͬһƽϡǲͬ
SagittariusŴŵĴڣϡ衣
޴ֻӵΧԵڡȵķֲΪ
ڵ̫ϵӵģ൱Զ

˷ܵǣһЩз츸ǣǵľ룬
ҲӵĴС

18ĩʱǻֻ֪6űǡӢƤأEdward 
PiggotһֱѰҸıǡϻھСƹŵˣJohn 
Goodrickeⷽ֡ŵ˴СƣƤصĺǻѧ
ضԶǣ17ʱ̷ġ塱
һȱǡҵǣ21ڸٹ۲조츸һʱȾ

ֵġ츸һضĹǿ仯ģʽԺֵͬ
һǶ츸ǡ츸йŴ־λõ
ǹ١֮һ츸һǡCepheusһű־Ϊ
ģǡ

άطֵıǵĹǿ֮ġܹϵ֪
һѿĳӣҪֻһ֪츸
ΪУ׼ӵĻ׼дϣͬ͵ıͨӲ
롱츸һǳ̫ϵԱȽϽΪ׼
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ѧҡ̹ŮմEjnar HertzsprungȽ
ⷽĳԡԡ츸һԼΪ̫ϵȽϽ츸
ǵӲݽͳƷҪĻ׼롣ɳ
˱ҪУ׼ȷ츸ǾΪɿĻ׼˿õĳӣ
Щӵ츸ǵŵľ롣û츸ǵ޷
룬ֻһϵм衢ơ

ΪΪڱӵıԵɳɴ˵óӵֱ30
֮ޣǵʱѧҹƵʮôһӣòת
ԼġۡΪЩģģġ桱
ӱ汾ֻڲĳ̬ʡʹĳЩ
ƿġ족翴֮ĴСơ
Ҳ½ӹС

ԼϵBig Galaxy

رǣָ̫ϵģ65ǧ
롪ƫΪӶҪ

19204ѮҿѧԺ׶ʢپᡣΪøиҵ
ĿѧԼڸõؽӴѧ½չǰһ
̣ۡĳߴ硱The Scale of Universeڶʱ
ǻȡʵжٸ棿ɳȻرֻ
һšĶԶڡ̨Ŀµ˹Heber 
Curtis

ɻˣһγ˺½ĺʼ񡣵ʱ
ǳ;л𳵡ɳͿµ˹ڱͬһ
ҲֻͣվʱһЩòһ㾭
̽ԷΪ׼

426գѧԺῪĻƽ̣ѧ
Robert Millikan˶ѷAlbert Michelsonȸѧѧ
ݡѷɽ̨̨George HaleҲǸԶ
½չ

֮ɳµ˹ר815ֿʼ

ȻŵسΪĴۡThe Great Debateʱ
ʵֻѧ˵Ի˵ʱѧϵĴСͷ
ʶ硣Ƕ۵㡢۾ָƣҪԵر
ۡɳȽŵķֲɴչġϵͼ񡣿µ˹
ĽǧǧƵÿһһġ桱
Լ

ɳάصġܹϵĳߴ硣µ˹Ҳ
󹬡ϹܼҸķΪһ۾ݣǰЩںܶз
˴ǡֻڲ壬ͺѽΪʲôЩ
ƵǱ棬лдǱ
ࡣɳҲлӦôңԶƺӦܿô
ǣʱûСǡĸ

֣˵۵֮ٴ14ССķ硣
ִ֪ʶУ˵ÿ˶Դ롣ΪʱŴδ֪ɷ֣
µ˹һǿΪʱ磬Ҫݡ"more data are 
needed"

޷ȷɳľ֮ɿԡάطֵܹϵֻ
СоһЩǵĽǷչĳ߶ȷΧδ
֪Ҫݡ

ɳһɱﵣƵġתԴ˹Ƶ
˾״˶ӦתСǴ̨
Ƭ϶תļ󡪡Ҳѷɽ̨
Adriaan van Maanen˺üת

֮ǳԶܱǿǵĳߴ쳣޴
ܱʶתôΧٶȻǳǳش
ڳԽٶΥۡ

µ˹ǿ֤޷ϣɶĹ۲ȷʵĻ
ЩƱ㲻ܾ̫Զֻ֮ڡҲûäĿе
Ҫݡ

ݽ֮󣬿ѧһһý罻вǣܷ
18ոЧ˽prohibationΪ
ۼѣȴδܿ

ıʵڻɳͿµ˹ֻ˼µʱͨ
ۣȻԼĹ۵㣬Էݣֱдڡ
оͨBulletin of the National Research Councilͬʱ

ǶԸֵĿѧ۵ģȷԼڱеʤٴ
˸ƽ֡ɳҲԼʱֲѣԶµ˹硢
ʤֻԼ֪Եɣ̨ƤȥѰҽӰˣ
ѾͷǴϾмڿ졣ʧ֮٬
ȡءصķ

ȻɳԸԳƸ̨̨ũ˷ܲѡ
ɳ˷ܡƤм̳еġ󹬡һ޼֮
̫̫ѧұʱķԽЩɣЧ
ߡһ˹ԴļλŮСʱ
girl-hourġϵڡĴݸ·


󣬳־ɳİ칫յһšҴ
ߵо̾һôһŻҵ档 
"Here is the letter that has destroyed my universe.")

ѷɽɳʶһλˣй
Edwin Hubble

ˣ򿪵ӽ

ʵֻɳС꣬Ҳݵˣ˵ĳ಻
150ɳͬǣĸѧɣ±
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ϵĽСĸߴ󡣾ܱͬѧС꣬ȻǸ
Ľʱﾶ˶һھһ

õ֥Ӹѧṩ˽ѧҲʱ
1.88ߵУз棬ڣҲ֥Ӹѧ
ʷϽеھƺţ

ڶѧƣĵȤʼ8ա
͸һƵԶĸҲʱϴ˯
Ժ￴һͨǡȤֻȤĸ׼ֶӱ
ѧɣԱ֤һĹǱϾ÷ԡ

Т˳Ĺ˸׵Ҹ棬֥Ӹѧ޵ΪѧԺ׼ĸ
γ̡ҲŲģһЩƿγ̡ȻֻǸҵ꼶
ʱո¶ͷǣΪõѧҲԿѧѧʿѧλҵ

ѧʱѾ֪ǰȥӢҵȣCecil Rhodes
˽ѧȵѡŵĴѧҵȥţѧޣ
ӢϵΪĿѧҵĶд
һƼţԸԳسΪѧߣRhodes 
Scholar

ʹѾѧҵȻΥ׵Ըţר
ɣֻżܵϵø֪

ţ̵ӰȴȲǷѧҲڿѧܿȫ
һڴţӢһ˿ش
ſƷ滹멡ҲǱĵһµ衣Щ
Ȼ߻һֻӲڵ̶

ѧΪӡ

ȥ󣬹ŷ޸ϻأΪӳеͥΡϵ
Զؼʱȴֻˮһգûȥʦıְֻǡ䡱
ΪѧĴʦĹƺξף
ԼͨʦʸԡʦеĲʵһ¶
ģ֥ӸѧоԼѡרҵ

֥ӸѧҮ˹̨һʱ൱Ƚ61׿ھԶ
˴ƬһƵ״ڱ仯֤Ӧ
Ǻܽɳԣ֮ڡƺΪı
ơHubble's Variable Nebulaѷɽ̨̨ûҵ
Ƹ顣

ĲʿĿǡƵӰоPhotographic 
Investigations of Faint NebulaeȻԶǰٸСʱ
࣬ȴֻ9ҳ֡8ҳݱƬΪûü
ʱѾʽ˵һսҴҷıͶʴ֣
ԶAmerican Expeditionary Forces

ȻԶȴפһűŷޡʱһս
βפڰ裬ûϹսⲢ
սﱻըεĴ档ҲԽΪУΡս
ŷεֱ1919ѷɽΪλáٴδҴ
뿪ŷ޸ϻع9ѷɽ

δ뿪ѷɽɳһܲΪȻ
ʱ̶һӢʿͷװ㡢Ƥѥ˶
ͷϿűñɽϵһӸµҽǡ
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ʮͷѾǹ̨̨ѡɳֻ
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ĺʱ2.5׿ھԶһںʽͶʹá
СԶһ֡Ϥ󣬻ֵĹΪƫ̻
ɽϽƽƽعԶʸɳı߾֮
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ʥǰƽҹһβȫĴһ
׼ϤЩơ

˹ͨά̹ԶƵ״ѾǴǰ
ˡȴȻءżܿмͻȻ
ǣƻһƬĹơ

ǡǡΪά̹̳ߵĺԶڹڽҿƵɴ

ֻҪƵƬʵʿ
ļڴԶ£ƲҲЩͦصԲ
Ƶ״һ෽ʽϵHubble 
Classification Systemһֱ񡣲ϣܲ׽е
ǡѷɽϣûиũм֡
Ƭֳϴ۲졢¼ࡣ

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ǡǱǲ˹ѧշ¼ġһĵ㡱
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192310³Ĺ۲зŮеǵġ
ƬϽǷֱϡNnovąƬԱʱ
طһǰҲֹ˲ǣʱʱ޵ıǡ
һ˷ޱȣƬϰѡNֻ֮Լϸ̾ŵ
VARvariable

ĺֹˡ¸֮űǷͬ
һ㣬һѧ츸ǡ

1924219գ˷еĹڹɳдһţ
κο׵ؿżɽ

װɳܻȤ֪ѾŮҵһ츸
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һǵĹǿ仯ߵͼ״ӹɵط츸
ǿǵǹֻ18ȣ΢ǿ仯ڳ31졣
άصġܹϵô˵ʵһţȣ
ǡ΢ӾȣǳңԶ

ɳڴǰѾȷáܹϵⶨ츸ǾĻ׼
ʱֳɵĳӺɵؾ͹ƳŮƾ򳬹100ꡣ

ɳͨŵĲӱĶڴ
ʱҲ30ꡣһ100֮
Ȼܴӡϵ֮ڡ

ôңԶڵۿɼ˵ĴСҲ޴
ȣһӵġ桱

ԣɳֻȵɨһ¹ţԼ
ȫˡ

1924ףѧٽ׶ʢپΪȻ顣
ѧҲ֣ͬʱͬؾԼᡣ˹ٽڡɳ
ʦؼȸȥ룬ʾĿ϶Ӯѧȴ󽱡

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Ҳ1123շ˹ңԶġšһֱȴ
ٳûʽĳ֡ϻ̳Ͽ֣Լݻۻ©
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Ҳڳس֡ŮƣΪģ
Ҳ½츸ǡѷɽЩŵҹ
æµšŵƬĻۣǰĳں嫵Ĺгִ
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һٶĴߴ£һ̸ȥһƪĸ塣
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ܿʼѧҼʱһ춼Ǵ̫յ翪ʼڶ
ǿյ¼ҹʱжϡ1925굽
ʱ80λѧ볣һԪҲͬʱǵġաΪ
ͬҹҹʹѧ˵Ҳµһ
쵽ʱ̡

Ȼ1925Ԫ磬ȴȻΪһʷԵʱ̡

һ̣ѧҺͿѧٽѧԱüһãλʢ
ѧ½ɵĴᡣ

Ͻ̨˹Ϊе츸ǡCepheids in 
Spiral Nebulaeġ˵ʱѾŮҵ12츸
ǣҲһ﷢22ţһϵпڱǵļ


ˣѾܹؿƵԵһſſɱϵ
ɡƲǳǳңԶҲɳ²峾ɣ
һȺ財ʵʵġ桱

ѧһνһµʱ

µ˹ǳۺҲ뿪̨ƥȱеһ
̨̨ʱڻ᳡ڼͬУֵΪ

Ȼµ˹׹һֵķǷ塣д
˼ʷϣγɹΰĸǡԼ
ϵаǧ̫֮һһС΢ܹԼ
ϵ֮⻹Ƶϵÿżֱǵһ
żʮڸ̫ˣǵߴ50괩Խڹ
ңԶǸ档

1925Ԫһ죬෢档

ţһʦȫ ѡ

1920ɳµ˹Ĵǡĳߴ硱Щ
ڲ峾ⲿƵġ桱
ķ硢۾Уµ˹ҲᵽײѾһЩѰ
ٶȣƺڲ˶

ûѿࡣһɳſֳɵذ
µ˹Ǿ䡰Ҫݡԭʱ˶Թͷ
ԣҲ޴ӿɱ硣5ľΪǵıۻϾţ
ȻǸδա

µ˹Ĺڵ̨ͷϲ
ɣݵ̨

ҲʮĩڲʿٸҵPercival Lowell
ȾȣԳ޽Ǹ̨̨ȻûԶ
ڵĺθ߶ȱ˼ѷɽ̨ߣŸõ
ѷɽ֮ǰĸߺ̨ǼȺ
С飬Ȧòɿ

ܵ˿Ǳйṹƻ˴ڵĹƻ
̨ڵ˱Ϊ롱ĳǹ۲Ǽ̫
ϵǵĴɷ֣ȷǷԴڵˮΪˣǮΪ̨
װһƵĹǡ죬̨Ϊ֪Ǻ1930귢
ڤǡ

Ȼƴ֡ãȴһ֪֮ͬʱ
һ֪ŷ޹ǸԼҺԺǵʱѾţȡ֮
רҵʿľѡ˸ոմӡڰɴѧҵ˹︥Vesto Slipher
פ̨۲⡣Ƶš籨Զ̲ݡΪ
ǵͬʱ˹︥Ҫֲ̨һƬ߹԰

é®˹︥Ը񺩺˳Ӷҵҵϰ彻ÿ
ʼջĹϹһ๦˹ļʱ
ѪָʾŮƵĹס

ԴӢĹ˹19ͷǵĹдڶЧӦ
Ĺһֱѧսʹӵ20ͳǿԶģĹ
ǿȻ¿ɱƬ˹︥Ըϰû
ҲҪϣԶɫɢ⾵Ƚȫ泹׵ĸ¸ܵ
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1912󼸸ϣսڵõһŮƹ
Ƭظ˼֤Ź˲Ů
ÿ300ٶڵ̫ϵ

˹ǵٶȴÿ30Ѿ硣˹︥
ٶָ߳ʮˣִַܿŮVirgoλ
һƣNGC4594ҲīñϵSombrero Galaxy
ÿ1000ٶȱǶȥ

ϰ෴˹︥Ϊ˵͵ֻ½Լ
̨ͨѶϷûĴѧĳѧ鶼ȥ
ӡ19148£ɽϯѧеѧᣬ
һΪƵĹ׹۲졷Spectrographic Observations of Nebulae
ĽݡʱѾ15ͬƵݡֻ֮3ڳ
12ȴǶȥĸǵٶȶǳƽ
ֵǹȥٶȵ25

᳡ϵȫ˹︥һƬѧΪ
ĳһֱݿŶǵ̨̨ʱҲ
סΪһɾ޲ڡ̨ºҲԼEdward Fath
ʵڼǰͿͬĹףΪùڡס
⣬ûнһо

Ȼ˹︥ӡ̣ȴûܹ͸аءԶӢ
۵ѧۡThe Mathematical Theory of Relativity
һнЩϸбָܻǶṹԵ
ݡⱾ̿ѧΪҲӴŷƹ˹︥ķ֡

ȻĦаģȴʱڰߵһĬĬ
ˣһʦѧҡ

÷أGeorges LemaitreǱʱҮջᣨJesuitͽСڽ
ѧУ17ϴѧʱϵһսξڱ٣
Ӯþ¡սص³ѧܿ1920ѧʿ
ѧλȻתѧԺޣ1923ʽΪʦ

ͬ꣬÷ӮһݽѧȵӢĽŴѧ氮ѧϰִ
ѧٶԸո30÷ΪͣȦ⵽ҫĲŸɡ

һ÷ֶɹĹ̨ɳΪʦʱ
ϣܵõһʵĲʿѧλʱʱĲʿҪȽϵͣô
ϿɡΪ̨δ販ʿѧλʸھͽʡ
ѧԺо

ڹһʦɳѧϰƹ֪ʶһ߼оӰ
ѧĹģ͡ʱ˹̹͵طֱģѾ
üˣûмܶǵصƺĪֵĹ
ƣ˾Ρ⡣һѧݣ÷طڡ

صԭǹһûڡ򵥵ģ͡Ϊѡ
ϵͳʵƵиһĶԳƣ
һر𡢲Ӧôڵĵ㡣ΪΪĲԳƣŵˡ
ơ׽Ĺ¡Ķ߿ܻǵϵѡǹ
оųֵ塣

1925Ԫ죬ϯƲģӡ
̣ҲвҲϰΪʱǹ˵Ľ
ݡΪʾ߶֮̾˷֮ʣѾ˼
һƵľٶȽпܹȫͼ

괺죬ѧύһƪָصĴ
뿪˹ȴԽУֱݷ˹︥͹Ȼع
³ѧν̣оģ͡ʱѾ߱һصƣ
ѧϸװ˹̹Щӵۣڰ١ɳָ͸
ƹײʵݡ

꣬ȡʷԵͻơԴ׫дһı⣬
ĵҪһԽϵƾٶȵ㶨뾶
ľ桷A homogeneous Universe of constant mass and growing 
radius accounting for the radial velocity of extragalactic nebulae
Էдͣڻû˻עġ³ѧѧ
Annals of the Scientific Society of Brusselsϡ

󲻾õ192710£5졪Ҳһ졪ά
ڲ³ٿЭӴ÷лݼǰİ˹̹
˹̹˵Ѿ¿ƪģǰ˸
Ƶģ͡

ܸ밮˹̹ī˾ǵģֻ
޼ѧСȦۡʹѾڽšƹ÷
ԸĹȻһ֪

˹̹ھĴۺٶԹ۵ѧ
µʶԸģͻһʹʱ
Ǻضǰʦ۵ѧû⣬ֱ
ʵ͸Your calculations are correct, but your physical 
insight is atrocious.

ð˹̹͸ģ÷ıģ
һ뾶桪Ǻ㶨ġе档

÷ȷǸѾֵĹۿ
ļģ֮һ븥ѧֲͬ÷о
ʵ棬Խƾٶȡ档

ţ17ʹѧʱԻ͵ĳɾڶ̫ϵʱ
ܰյ桪ѧ׼ȷȻţٵ˶
ûĦ¿ԽΪѧ򵥵Ķ⡣˹
̹ĹҲڹˮǽյͨʵ֤
ģʮȴһ̸ֱֻֽǰ桢Զп
ֲûаϸ

ȷ÷ͼ밮˹̹˹︥Ĺʱȵطְ
˹̹ԵʱĹ۲һ֪ҲûʲôȤ

ǡǡֱʵ͸÷ð˹̹ĳ
ʵݹ˹Ϊ÷زڸҳһ
Ľ⣬Ϊ˹︥ƾٶӱĽ͡

밮˹̹ؼ㶨෴÷һ
ĴСʱ䡣֣ʱ󣬳еʱնȹ
Ե֮仯ͬص֮ľҲ֮һص㷢Ĺ
һصʱȻΪЧӦƣƵĳ̶֮
ȡ

һϵֱ֤ͨ÷׫дʱѾ
42Ƽ˹︥ٶȣҲйľ롣б
ٶ֮ȻԵȹɴߵıϵ

ǣ÷صģͲпյĲ룬ʵ֤

÷ػһڹƹ׺ƵԴͺ壺ͣ
ĳ߶ȶʱƲǣǲԼڸ˶
֮Ŀռ͡

һڱ𽥴κ֮ľ붼
󣬵ÿıȴǾֹġ÷Ŀռ
һеǡϵƶϵĵ㡣Լ
û˶͵ţ˴֮ԽԽƺڻ
롣

ǿеƶԶȥҲζڵ̫ϵ
͵ġϵŮơڷ
ΪȽϽܹܵ˴˵áϵΪ
ռֻǾֲ˶һ͵
Уڴе棬κεص㶼ῴԶȥ
֮⡣

ҲΪ⵽˰˹̹ĵͷһ÷û̸
档ǳԻİ󣬵һѧҲֳ÷ز
ΪȻרҵĿϲֵΪһСֱ˷ʱ䡣

ʱԵģ÷ƪʱͬƣʽ

ʮġ¡

䲻һŵ߸۵ɳûپĹڣ
ܿȫ̽˹мʵֵ֧硣Ϊ̨̨ɳ
ǰع۲⡢еĻʵѾɻΪư칫
ԱĶ˽ԽԽĺͱ棬ʶҪ
ԴȷǼʷƾáһֱڱͬʶŵĻ
ӡMilky Wayϵgalaxy桱universe

ԡӡרָڵġϵֻǡ桱
ϵ֮һ֮⣬ǿÿһƶһƵϵ
еϵǵġ桱桱»ָԭеĺ壺
һ޶档

ǸԿ¿ʼġ桱ӦñƲǸ棬
ֻеϵ磬ŮơAndromeda Nebula)ӦΪ
Ůϵ(Andromeda Galaxy

ȴȻԸ⸽ɳִؼ֡ϵʵıԴ塪
ڹϣ롰ӡͬԡ̡񻰣ֻӵͬʡһ
̵ذƱŤس֮Ϊϵơextragalactic 
nebulae÷1927ƪҲƺ

ֱ֮ĽһԵزɳ飬Ϊǽ
ı׼ԡ

1914˹︥ѧϱƹʱտʼоѧҵõ
ҲϯСǴλϱѡΪѧԱܾܿ
Ϊ˹︥ݽƽ֮ԵξսǰҴҶ͵ƪ
ơҵУźرʾҪƣбʱ
õĸǿԶ

ʮԸԳѷɽǿĺԶҵŮе
ǡɳĳǷ֮󣬹æ͵еؽȥˡ

˿Grace HubbleɼмŮΪһʲС
ĲƸȪ֮µϸڿĿٵ׷εĶ
Һڡֻǻûгֹˡᵽ
ļͥжϵ30ĹͬУ˿ûм
κμˡ

ѷɽµĺӰʱһƽʱĸߴǱ
ſһӢʿͷĹˮ˿罻ǵİ
Ϊŵľۻ᳡׿֣Charlie ChaplinȵһӰǣԼ
ҡݣǼг͡Ȧ˾ùΪѧʵ˷
˲šΪϣ񰢶˹AdonisȵǸǲClark 
Gableй֮޲

СȦ֮⣬Ҳշ1925Ԫ
֮ýԸŵı⡢ȡıʵȾֵ
ǧ桱õ澰ȻҲԤ⣬
Ӯѧȴ󽱡ֿʼü

ѷɽϣУȴȻΪɶεӰֻֻ
ͬµìӼɽϣԵһԸΪ˵ȸ
涼Ȼ෴ְԱ

ɭMilton HumasonѧԺյѧȺһ޽е
ࡣҲǳ£ʱûĸ͹Զ
׽̸ǵ㡢ԵȻļܺȤʱͥᵽ
ɼܿõѧϰ롣ÿ죬ոʮ
ɭԲμѷɽϵӪʱų̂ڻɽ㡢
Ȼֲ˼ڣڸеһʱ˵ĸ
׼ѧܵɽϵһùݵСƣʳڵӡ

Ҳڼѡѷɽ޽̨ʼ˼Ļ̡
ɭЩɽ·ƵʵӺ۲Ҳ˻ᣬ
ѧһܣΪԦĸ֡󣬵̨ðհ1.5
ھԶɽʱ17ĺɭЭؿһһŲ
ɽ᫡խľС

áĸΪɽɽ˵ѡ

ֻǺþ̨ϯʦŮ׹ΪӮδ
˵׿ϣɭòɽϵǣɼнũ
԰ǰ;湤ֲ꣬СڲһǮ
ԼũΪʵĳɹʿ

ƫƫ͸¶ɽѳ߹ģ̨ҪӶһ๤ٶȹ
ɭ黳Ƿ˼رũɽСľݣΪ
̨Ͷ˿ڡɭϴˢѧҹԼճϴƬĸֻѧԼ
ɨΣҪڷ籩ϲѩ֤ɽСĳͨϾ֮࣬
ĶɽϪе㡢ּҰʹѩ̣ڡ

ִ˲ƣҪΪݹһϿԸȥ
ѧҴ֡µָԤԶĳ
۲䡢ƬԼڹ۲ԱϢļ϶Զ
һѧĹ۲Ļܡ˵ⲢʱѧԦ
Ѷ١

Ӯ̨ÿһ˵ϲΡðΣ
ն׷١ɱһֻڸǵɽʨ롣ɳ
ΪɶõġոʽRenaissance manʶѧ
˽ָѵжĹ۲⣬ͬġ

1919꣬귽28ĺɭƸƸΪʽְԱ˴
֡๤ѧҵķԾִ̨Уܿǰ޹˺ߣ
ɭһֱѧ߱1950ɭʱ¡´ѧ
ѧĹʿѧλʱѾ100ƪѧģҲ
ӢѧԱ

ʹǶΪ͵ɳҲп۵ʱΪɳ
ʱɭע⵽ɳƬиȵı仯
ɳע⡣ʱڡӡ˼άеɳܲΪȻѵ˺
ɭһ츸βгֵĴ˳ֲļǺš
󣬺ɭͨǼƬıȽ϶Ůе
ǣһٳϸµĺɭҲһԼƬ
зڤǵ

ʵֻȺɭ󲻵2ꡣӵвʿѧλĹʼû
ôעûѧСְԱȵʶҪɭİʱ
ɭѾ˺˶ƪģڹ۲⡢㰵Լ
Ľ

1928죬ѾǹϻеίԱϯμ
ںеᣬѧҵءΪԼ
ģٹעƵĹ׺ƣ˹ȡ˹︥ʱĸ
˹︥ʱѾɹ40ƵĹףҲִ̨
豸ޡҪṩµ˹ġݡѷɽĺԶ
Ī

ع󣬹ооסɭרעϸǳʱ
׷ٲ׽ңԶ΢Ĺɻȱ츳ѵõط¼ӣ
ɭɭԳеҹԼҹعңԶ
׵Ŀ£ùиʱѰЩе츸Թ롢
Ѱ֮ϵɭȻʮԸȴҲܾ

֮Գ֮ΪƣΪǵĹ΢޷ǵı
˹ά̹ǵ״úԶڷе
ǡЩֻǿȽϽơתΪģңԶ
ʱּʹǿĺԶҲΪԶ޷
ϸǣ츸ǡ

ȻҲ޲ߡάصĳӲ֮󣬹Բ
ÿǵȻ֪࣬
ǵӾδ֪ȣԴ¹ϵ
Զȫϲǣּƽȿ
Ҳ֪࣬Ƶƽδ֪ȣƸԶľ
롣

ûа취İ취ǹķɳоŵľ롪Ĵ
ĴСʱҲùƵַѧ
ݡcosmic distance ladderһֲʱõ
Զ׼תһֿõķõĴӲ츸ǵ
ĺǵƽֻݵһ֣ѧл
ĲֶοۺϡԱʹá

19293£ѧԺԺͬʱƪѷɽġ
һǹġϵƾ뾶ٶ֮ĹϵA Relation between 
Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-galactic Nebulaeƪ
УʾֵĹɣƵľٶǵľȣṩ
һĿȻͼ

ƪУõʵֻ˹︥ѲĹݣû
нԴġ¡÷ǰѾĽ۲
¡עĿǽŵһƪɺɭģNGC7619 
ľ޴ٶȡThe Large Radial Velocity OF NGC 7619ɭ
ƪļ̵òһҳֻһݵ㡣ֵıȴһ
˵͡

ڴӦ󣬺ɭǱĿɣǸƵĹס
һϵеŰսڵõһſõĹƬǸƵٶ
ߴÿ3800ɳٶָࡣ

ɭŵƬÿ칫ҵʱһֶׯĹҲ
ס˷ܣ̨ѹƵľ룬ɭٶ
ǰȹԤֵͼϵֱӳ

߻ôģûкдҲûֱӲ
Ҫݣͬʱƪл˵
ݵֲ֧ҪеһΡ

һݵͺ͹ļѾúɭľƣ˳
ټƹסֻƱǿһʷͻƵԶԶ
Խ˵ĶԹѷ̨ѧҵķԣԶĹ۲
ʱ伸ȫɭһרãרΪȽ

ãֳɹ㵽ԶƣԼ1ڹ֮ޣٶȸߴ
ÿ2ٵİٷ֮ʱҲԶ
ﾡˡ"Now you are beginning to use the 100-inch the 
way it should be used."

ȻҪǣôңԶľ룬ô޴ٶȣȻٶ
ȹϵˣϵѾӹɡ

ѵ춨֤ķֲ÷صӡڷ
ĳ߶ַ֮֮꣬˼˶ɡһ
ʷԵḺ́ΪɡHubble's Law䶨ٶ
ȹϵϵҲӦرHubble's Constant

δ


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