                           ˿µϣ2016615գ

16.06.14ûи
16.06.15, ˿20166º
ʫӣɽ
Ѷѡ2016˿ѧ
ţлӺ⣺˵ı㲥Ϫľڡ⡪⡱͡ݡ̡
˿¶Ը㱭оơ˼ߵճһƪջ졢ʪĶ
Ǭඡɽɪ飨ƫһƽĸ ʺ
͡Σѧͼеࡢտй֪ʶӵı



ԡԡԡ¡ԡԡ˿ԡԡԡ
Σţסԣȣңţģӣ

ڶڣ
һž´

˿ΪĻۺϿѧʷءѧơ
յȷĿǰĸ̶Ŀţʡۣ˿
¶ʫ衢ɢġС˵Ǭʷܡ֪ʶСƷ
͡͡˻רѡÿʮճ棬ڳ
ר

ҳʰ棺󣮣硡
ڰ棺󣸣磮
ޡλ
Уӣѧ˾壮


ʫ

ӣɽ졡ɽ

Ѷ졡ӡ

ţ졡ɽ겻
졡Ļδ
šлӺ졡ڲסһѪ
⣺˵ı㲥
Ϫľڡ⡪⡱͡졡۷
ݡ̡졡;
졡޿ɶܶǲķ
˿¶
졡Ƽ
Ը㱭оơ졡
˼ߵճһƪ졡¼Соͷ
ջ졡
ʪĶ졡2016.5.25.

Ǭ

ඡɽɪ飨ƫ
һƽĸ򡡡
        ʺ

͡

Σѧͼеࡡ
֡տй֪ʶӵı

Ѷסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ѡ2016˿ѧ

    һ ýڽڰйѧͻ׵ʿ2013
ꡢ20142015߷ֱΪӡ㡢ƴP

     ýһˣһԪֵң

     ý˿༭ѡڰ䷢ӭʿѡˣ
ѡƼģxinyusi@yahoo.com

ţסססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

лӺ 

                       

ǰһȫҳ˳Сںߴߴ߰
СӶĽ˵ӺԺҪǡ˵
ϵĻһֿǶͯӰ죬Ǹԣһ
ͼݽҲճУΧСǵӰ졣֮
ССͣѾĻѬˡ

һ·ϵȺʱͣǰһͿĺ
ȭͷСһҿԻ󲻽⣬
֪ʲôҽͣǼʻԱԣһ
Ӻ

ҿսƬƬӲҺƷҲڵ
￴ȭеظܵ˳Ӻ¸ҡðա
ȡǿҵ˲ϵش췢̶꣬
ԣǿĹҡ

йǧѧӰ죬ͳйĻᳫ
ţǫãĻǶҪʱġӡЩ
˵秵ģ·ŷʵֲ粻󼡣
ǣйһ˻Ҳһһŷ޵ĹҪ
ʿйĹȴʿֻڱͳʱڣԪ
壩һЩѪҺǷϵȻĻ˵
䵽˻ӡذͬˡ

һֱ󲻽⡣һйŵϷΪʲôҪŮ
ԽɫɤӣŤŴ󣬷Ϊǻˣ
һҲûйʼ÷ʦǲҪеһΡ
ʫġݴʡɳĪЦս˻ءȻǧ
䡣Ҫ֪ǸңʲôӣĹٱҪ;·ͥ
ģڹŴܴܾ͵Լ̡ȻĻսϷ
ľܴ̣

в̰ٶ·ҵӡرЩѰҽ
ѣϵ¥ˮ˵ηɱҲã˵Ҳã֮
˱ϾһЩܺϣľǣЩ˸ҵ
һúһЩ̰٣װͰ͵˵Ϊ
ѧϰԷˣƺǻɵСЩˣö
ġ


˵ı㲥

                         ⡤

ӵҲˣĹ㲥һվھڶ룬
ӰΣͷβ֪ˣһ̲ͣЧϢ޼
95%ǷϻǵĺεԼ࣬ȴǿ׸
ͼɡ°ൽң߻Ǹ嵥ĥ񾭡

ǵߵĹ㲥¼ͼۡ

1. ץ÷֣Ҫпݣע°ȫݡ
ͳͳٶݡǣݵǣϳƵģ
˷еĵطŵӢġȫѷô£
һҡ

2. ӭߡг·վ򡣣ÿվһ
Ρọ̈̄ӢĹ㲥26Ρ˫̼ӱһû
ɲ衣

3. λ˿ͣ˳У뱣վԾ
˳򣬹֣ͬյΪлл
ɶϵΰΪεгƣ

4. λ˿ͣϰлĴͳ¡λø
˿͡ллĺͨ·̨ףмô
޲мͨҲ£Ǵͳģмײг˿͸Ҽ
?˵мˡ

5. Ϊ˵İȫ벻ҪЯȼױΣƷվ˳лл
İȫҪİȫҲҪҵİȫҪ߼𣿲
ΣƷվǷɣû˵Ϊ˭

6. λ˿ͣ˳ʱºϣ˳˿͡лл
˿ͳ˳˳˿ͣϻƪ

7. Զ;ĳ˿вߡ³ĳ˿ǰ׼лл
˭վվġ

8. עⰲȫȷãҪпַšбȷ
ãܵ𣿣

9. 밴վʾ꣬򻻳ˡ˵ϻ𣿣

10. гǰվǲݷվڲݷվ³ĳ˿ͣǰ׼
վȫǷϻ

λ㲥ߣ1.Ҫʱ˵ϻУ2. ѳ˿ȫǣ3.
/Լĺ߼ˮƽǲ¡

޸Ľ飺

1. ȫɾ

2.ӭߣ

3. ȫɾ

4. ȫɾ

5. ϽЯȼױΣƷ

6. ȫɾ

7. ȫɾ

8. ȫɾ

9. ȫɾ

10.һվݷ

ǰؿֻ죬˯⣬õ¡
أеʣ˾գǿǸЦʲӹ㲥

Ϊ˺ϣǹͬƵ㲥


ڡ⡪⡱͡ݡ̡

                     Ϫľ

ⲻ漰Ҳ漰ͲͬĹȺ֮䡣

Щǻż硷һƵѧ
ϡʨȺΪɣʨȺУʨǼ̵ּģܶʱ򶼲
벶ԣµʨλɱǰʨе̣Ȼռĸʨ
ĸʨûѡΪ̸ҲûѡԶ̵ʨǼ˳
ӵزʨΪ

ձϿɵӽǺ󣬵ʨ
Ⱥһֱڵ顪Ҳԭ֮һ˵
ʨȺһ̣ôҲͻʨȺһʧݲ
ܵ˵ǷʨȺʨȺʼڰԼķʽţֱ
ȫһ졣

Ƶ˵ԱĽ⣬ĸʨ֮Իôǿ׳ʨ벶
ȳԱΪǿʱҪʨս
ܾ漰˰ݺ̡ȷҲ˼룬ôʨ
飬ĸʨӦǲȡ˰ݵ̬ȣʨɱʨ飬ǿ
ȡ̵̬ȡ

ôأϰȥ޷ԱǷԼ
̬ʱ򣬵Աȥ޷ϰ׬ǮǿǮԼ̬ʱ
ʹϵӦĻͲʵָļֵĳŶӳԱֵ
ȷܸõؽ⣬һЩŶӳԱڿȴܺܺúܿν
ʱӦȥЭոЧɹ

ͬҲǡ˺Ů˶߲ԷͿ
Եʱ򣬵һŲɸıȱͬʱźҪŵʱӦ
ȥЭԼ̬ԼԼŵȱʱӦ
͹۵Բﳤ̣ܶԱ㾡һбøá

ɺܶ˶ϰ˵˲Լȫû뵽Լˡ
һоɫкͰ˹̹Ŷ˵ǳͻð취
̸УѰҪͬЭܽ⡣
ôЩûйͬҪ˻Ⱥ˵ƺֻʣ»
ʳͱˡȻҲǲͬʨȺ֮亴Լʱ
飬ֺγǣԶ෢һЩҪЭϲܽ⡣
˵Լ޷ʱ뷨ȥԷ
ֵ֧ԮһζֻΪԼ뿿ɹƭ͵ίԵ
˵Լ⣿룬ⷨƲԸر˵
˵ĴǲԶġ

ЩȻҲ漰˺ũ˵ĻͰݵ⡣

˿¶ססססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

Ը㱭о

                          
 
˵ǻ
ȾƲ˵
Ⱦ˵

  
񳬼˵
㾡˵˵ӵĻ
 
˵׳
ȾѶ
Ⱦź˿

  
֮
صİ嶨
 
˵
Ⱦƾڇ;
Ⱦƾ˼

  
ȵӰ
㵸Ứ
 
ҵĻ
ѾƵĹ
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ȥȼյ뷨
һ
˵㺦¾ѺǾ޴
 
ˮڼ
ˮģ
ˮԶ
Ļҵı
û뺣
Ȼûô
 
ӽ
Ըһ
¶ʱ
߶߶Ŀռ
㵨ʱ
Ѫŵ
ʧʱ
㰧ı
 
ıо
Ӵ
㲻ھϷ

ɽ


˼ߵճһƪ

                         

һʣԼһ̤εˡ֮·һ֮·ɫ
֮·ƮƮ֮·ɳʯҷ֮·һЩص˲ʺķ
֮·ߣǵѵӯӯŨʪʹǵʶû
ģѲճĸо

һֳճ˼ߵճһ
ȴɳΪɳѻͻγʯɽ޷塣һֻ
ŨĻþֻճ˼ճĸɴɣ
ʯӲĴɣǧȻܷ졣

ÿֻҵʵо·ڽвݴ
Χҵ⣬꣬͸ϲ
͸ĲҵԣصͨӦ

ںļžԲŵԻعı棬ƶ
¶ԭΡ̬϶Ǿĵģֻʣ´ڣһ
ɵ㷢ǹ¶ģįҵĿл԰ʵĽˮ
Ǵŵµ

ĳЩƯĴײҵĤȴֻһЩɳĳЩ߼֪߳
αװɸԨȴ̸ֹʱҷƢʱѡ
ĬʲôҲᣬ÷紵ȥ

Ҵ߽⳾̨ҵϣġڵܽ
סĸԵߵ̫ԶˣҪԼ
ʵʵģһ˿ң˵ʲôҲָԼʲô
õͽȻõĽ͡

ҳһһߵ··ܽЬҲĥԣҳܿ
һЩڵˣһ˫Ľƣ첽ɵţѪ
δ֪ǶһľϿǡľϿϳһֽ̱꣬עһЩ
͵Ĵʾ䡣

Լһ˾ͳΪʵʵڵĺƢˣ˿϶ʹ
ܵ˺ȴʹԼƯ̸۵Ͽգʲôʲô
ţ޼䣬Լʣ˭ΪʲôţΪ
æµǺõģⷴ˻ļֵ

һḡ֮·Ϊе˼ԸϵطΪ
Ըϵطſʺİ꣬Ϊ˵˵Ķ
޵۽磬ʵĵ棬ḡ棬ҵ޹أһ
ֿȥıĴڣḡĴڡ

ĳʽԶУоΣȽ
۹ȫʷԵҲδʽ뻯
ʽҲгʽı
ȫǵĸо㣬ǵ˼άҷΨʵŰࡣ

Һʵ֮һɽʵγɵʶ⾵ֻ
һʶܵ㣬ʶ⾵ʵڷӳҡʵһֻ
İ׹⣬ҵʶյȴҵ߲ʹżĻͬԣֻ
ҹúŵɫߣȫäĿģ粽еġ

һдֵܺ;ǵ˽˴ǡഫ֣һ
ʵģ۵ģһѧģ˵ġ۽ص
ôߴҵһǩʵԸıҵʣдĶ
дҪʵöࡣ

鿴ٵˣ˵һЩԼʵĶΪ޷վھ
˵ļϣֻվڴڵԨԨ﷢һЩѧ
ˣΪһھҪݵ䣬Լ˵ϻԾվھ
ļ˵˵һЩûʵĹʱĸԣ˻˯롣

ֳ˷ܵд󡣵Բߵ̬Խʱ
ǲܸ˵ԺҹΪī֭дİ죬дȫĻɫ
㡣ЩԼصˣдĶƮһʪ
ؽѵζһЩ⼣߰ߵĳйŶ

д˼Ķʱһ˷ܵģдõ»ǻ¡
дʵĸдǾ߱ˣЦʵдУΪ
˼˷Īһ־֡Ϊ¶ĳʵӽ
ҵıʣһƬɡ

ϲڲ̽磬ϲ͸Ƕ ԣ
дĶڵƬƵĶƬƵĻ棬ȻҵĵƬ
ģԶƬƵĻɵƬƬʲͬĶ

дЩ̾ӣʵʲôҲдΪҵƬɵģ
дһµĳƪۺȡԲһĶǲֵдģ
÷ϻȥʵԼ˼룬ͱ̳ԲӬܣеģԼ
ʶԼˡ

˼λ

ҵƮƮص䣬ʰǣȴһЩĻӰʱӵģ
ʼջϰȥʰҹӰΪ飬ʱԵޡ⳾Ұ
һƬĲҶҸʱ򣬲ݾѾصĺҹˣ
˸õĸʧʱĳУʧ߹ͬķ²ÿһ
ޡ

Щϸָݼϻ䡣ɭįˣ
ɫ۹⻥գۣب೤ղ໥Ӧ͡Χɭֵˮ
Ⱦ︻Ѿ£ƤŨ֬ҷŷ
óһΣϢŨܼһζϵĵϡ

ƮǷҵӰӾƵ档Ħ
ӡʹһԵΡȻأУ·ĹĻ¶
̬ܳɵء

ƻɭ֣һصĹ⣬ıį죬
ӰѸƶļ棬ȴһƬɫĺ֣Ծ
̹ӣũ˻Ĵ׳ֱһͬ׹䡣

¹߸ߵ͸Ƶ϶Ƭ£ҹĽɭ
ҼܴҶ٣кÿһøϵĵо̽ϸ
᳦ϢڤУҹĺĻ

ͥԺͶϸӰӡžߣ·һϴãã
ҡѰˮűӣ˴ףֵ
ҹ۾ڴϵƼ΢СĶҹɫӵۼڴڡڵ
һɲǣӵ룬ȥĺߺͺȥ͵˵λá

ף˳ѵĺӵˮĹŰͷ
ͰӵһⵣסԶĺˮ֮ף
ˮԽ⡣

һˣһţǱžסĶ£ݻƵ֦;
ïͻȻһšҰԣȴ˵ϱ
ʮº͡ްӡһţ޿տյڷиţ
ڣڻĲϹγѣž޴Ϣ±ϻ졣˸ţ
Ϧҡε¡

ڿУɷڣٶȣ
ȥĳΪʱߵ󱦿⣬ҵɺһעޣʶ
ķïȻȻԭʼĻǻӰ
ӵԵĳϵָǳĹעĿ
ٵˣɲǼ


ջ

                        

ǲãɬġģįҵġ 

ŮڵĳңãĻƻɫԶ ͺһ˳
ŵѩߣ֪·ںηʱòȥо˿¹
ݵгų־Լȥ̵Ұ롣ı
ȫؼݿˡŮ˰ٷְٵǿöȥħ
áŮ˻ڳбܼ尾 

ͣ·ߵҹͷįǿաΪ伫
ˡҪͨԶ˵ֻø豾ܵο塣 

Ǹ鼰ȫĴM־ʱĪиС
ٶȶ˽ȥ԰οڵıŮ˺Ȼèһӹ
Ը뿪ֲò뿪ˡ 

ԸԿնİ䣬ȻȻʲôֻһ
ϰĸоֻĵĵȼֱΪҽû
ʱĸܣҪκ˵ĹϾҸͬģֻ
вҲġ 

Ĺ¶ԡ     

վڻεĽյİ͸ԡʱԱľӣ̽Լ
ѪŵкһĹ¶εسǰ޵
ģȴ̲סʡˮ˳ŷһȫɣض
ȥͷˮڸһУֻԼĻš 

СĵĳϴֻǸоࡣŮϣԼû
бƯϴȻŮ˲Ըع˽ţ˳קһԡ
˵ơ֮ϰԵسҶ˿ٵˮĲͷ
ǶͿʼնķЩȶȡ 

ӣԼЩĵƵͷͷ
˽ȥͷơеĹ˵Ӷصˡо屻޾
һ˿¶żȻĳȻĽǣһԶҽ
ʴڻ͸Ů˵ҹĳһ̡ 

ҹǳģ¶ǷβġŮ˿ʼҹ¶
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ͷĲζģֱŵģĻ棬żأ
ɰĵС·Цֻһˣʱ䣬
ģƷĲ衣˶ѡ 

ƤúڴˡвʵǿԼһ
ʱֻͬŹ¶оȴ֮塣 

ڣúŮٴβԸعصĹһж
ҲԭǰҾġ 

Ķɫڵҹľ顣Ů˵ҹ޷磬Ҳᡣ 

һеķȴڿԼ̹ȻԳŵԼ
ǲҪȥªĸ塣 

һڿⴲжᡢԡжྻΧж
ףȴôҲʵκһνŲ̻̲Ů˱ۣ
ȴʼձָ߶ȵľİϰߣѵûбѵΣ
˼š 

ھļȻйһҹֱⷺ׵ĹԼŻ
ѳ˯ľ顣 

͸˶ɫĹ⣬ܿǷտ
Ƥµľɫǳġ 

ŵ룬ŮˡվھǰԼǷи׸У
˰ĵġݵٶʰһУ˽յţر
¥ȥ 

Ȼãɬģįҵģɵ
ֻǴķ羰е־塣 

֮Ů˻ŸӵűΪϤĳбȥ


ʪĶ

                          

裿

ʮ߹ʡ

ţ̣ؼءҪҰæô

һϲʡ

أأԶֻܺúõ衣

̸ӣ˵

ʮĶڴڳߵʯϣ˫һգգŶ
ɽϵ·ǴΨһͨɽʡǵ·ܶ˶̤ɽ·ȥ
ɽ⣬꣬ѶȳȵүүҲ̤ɽ·

СˣүүҪؼҳ緹ء

һͷ׷Ķүѳͷ߹˵

ҲүүҪȥû

һеʡ

öҪ絾ˣŮߣ˵ڲء
ܾû˰ɣ

үү˸ӳҵĹʡ

һ֣ͷһûˡʵܻһ
صؿ裬Ϊ˵æûʱؼҡæʲôӣ
С۷

ÿΰڵ绰˵æʱǰͻɹС۷䡣ȶ
˵С۷ҲлЪϢʱأµ׬Ǯʱ䡣

ڳʱͰڶ̼ң
衣

ŶԣǻؼҳԷ

үүһȳһȳءŴ߹үүʮˣܶʱ֪
үүչ˶Ƕչүү

ŤŤӣҡҡͷ˫һգգɽ·

Զүү裬ȥԱ

үүضӣ

ҲȥӦ˽ؼҡ

СָͣȹǣڳϵĲѳһһ
ڻǰϣڵ绰Ӧһݵļ٣ؼ


Ӵүү⺢һذɣ

Ͱ·ڳߣ̾˿˵

ϴ

æù·ڳĵСľϡ

ǵĶܸɡء˰ɡ

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ţڵ绰˵ҪٲʹСľȥ
ʹӦؼҡ

˸ˮĶе·ˮӶ·ˮ
ʪ˶Ļȹӡ

˵ǻҪЮؼҡΪүүԽԽˣ
ǰ糿ȳѪһҪүүȥ

Ժɲ裬ϲ

װ

ţţ֪

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ȣҲû취ᣬ׬Ǯؼҡڴˣ
ЩõأͲඣӶء

̾˿˵

ءţϴҪҸؼҡ

ллˣöȹӶʪˣҪؼһ

Ͱʡ

أ죬׸ɣҲ졣ؼҰɡ

һЦʪȹӣɴľϣˮ
㣬Ż衭

ʲôأ

֪ʱߵķ߹

ءڸ

ͣ¶վ⣬Ҷڻʪġѿ
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Ҹ˸Ұæأ

ɦɦͷƤ˵

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ҼҵСèݵĺˣҵҸ˰Ҽ

󻪶Ŷ˫ȣʿˮ˵

ǣǣɡ

СèӣʪĶˣԥ߹Сľţ
ĵĴӣʪ߽˷󻪼ңڷ󻪺ϴɲǣ
ǰ˵ûǧҪȥ󻪼ҡסʲô
ӣҪȥҡ

ΪʲôҪȥһֱŵķ󻪲أ

ףҹͶɱˣ˵ɱ
µС

Ǭסססססססססססססססססססססססססססס

ɪ飨ƫ

                             ඡɽ

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ĴǣûþͳΪӢæµҽ仰е߱
̫ͣҲ˴Ҷɪĺӡ󡣵ʱҶɪǡ
ѧţܰ

ΪʲôܰܲҪ̫Ĺ¡ۿһСͷӦû
˼ɪÿ찲һʱ䣬רŸ˿ÿ쿴ʮλʱ
ʱΡ˵Щ˿ǲշѵġôÿ
ε˶мǧˡʹ42ϻ˷νˣȻһֱ
ʱΡ

עһ㣺ɲеûҪôʱ䡣˵ǡӢ
æµҽңҪƵ￴ˣһг̽
һ

ʱûм׺͵ɡʱ·涼ҵĳ޺͸
ʯʱгһ塱ֻǱȲٶȿ죬ʣǻ·
׵õñ

Ϊ޿ɷϵҵɪڲҽԺнܿӵ2000Ӣ
Ǽ򡤰ͥʦн12̫̫Ӳ⡣

ÿĹѾæµһĻɪһо⡣
Ҳû뵽ʮʱȥо

ػơ

Դһƫ

1775꣬յõɪ飬ÿڶһ˹һڻ˹
·ϣ˳·һλˡˮסɪ鿴˲֮
˵ˮĿǰûʲôЧҩⲡ˿ܲܿҪ񻯡

¸ڣ˹Ȼ˳ȥ̽λˣֲ˵ˮ
ˣָ൱ɪΪ죬ˮҿܶˡ
ʹиԼתģҲô찡ʲôָġ˵
ұصһλ̫̫һƫҩ

Թƫǧ򡣵ҽ֪ЩƫЧʲ
ڰοβһ˵ɪԼ˽⣬ļǰ
οܹġʲôƫˮˣôƫȷʵ
ԡԡ˼Ǿǣҩܸıܡ

ɪȤѯϸڣҩʲôо֢״
ʲô仯λ˸ҩ֮־Ż¸к

϶ǰοܲЧɪȥһƫ

ɪû˵ôõƫġǸƫβ̫̫ʲ
տˣôɪ̫̫ͬ硣ɪΪ˺ƣ֪ʶ
רҵҽΪЩأõ̫̫ĺ̫̫ѡز
⴫䷽ɪ顣

̫̫ķӰ20ֳɷ֣ԸҩǺһ侭鷽
ӵձдͳץһѲľʯͷһ鰾ĳ
ϺȽȥ֮תͰ䷽ΪЧƫ¼ΪطΪ
˸ͽиͣͨһһʹ
˵ѧǲʶЧɷ֡Чҩ
Ǻܼ򵥵ģһɷ־͹ȱ㹻֪ʶۣ޷
ؼɷ֣ԾֻϡͿذ׶ഫƫʹ
ȷʵдĳЧɷ֣ҲζŻҪͬʱԽȥܶɷ֡

ɪѵصҽ־ͨҩѧѧͿѧ׫ֲ
־õֲѧ֪ʶݷҩֵ֮Ż¸кͶЩӦʱ
жϳƫ20ֳɷЧĳɷֽػһ֣Ķ
Ƕġ

ǴӴͳƫɸѡЧɷֵҪһҳЧɷһ£
ȷʹһ¡ҩβΪıڵл
̡úβô˻ԣɪһ
̽ȷҩӦ֢ҩʽƳ̡õĴȵȡ

ɪ֮ǰҲûҽùػƣ÷ңȻΪû
ʶõӦ֢лйɹİ˵öˣ
˥ϣǸ̫̫İǲܳɹ񣬶û
¼ⲻ֣̫̫ǰһûϸ¼ϰߡû
ҽϰߣ֪ʶۼ˻ȱϵͳе̬ȣ
˵뵽ϸĶԱȹ۲꾡¼඼һ䡰xxxڳʱ
Ϸ֮Ч֮Ļд£ʧܵȻ͸¼ˣ

ԣɪǴ㿪ʼоػƵҩԡ

ĴСʼӣ۲ҩﷴӦϸ¼ÿһ˵
ӦЧ͸ĶԷӦ

÷֣ҩﵽһ֮󣬲˻ִ򣬶֢״
縡סѣҲʱᡣɪΪػܽ
ףΪá

ųڶˮ֣Ǽˮף˵˳¡Ȼ
ɪȷ

巢ˮףкܶԭ򡣱Ƚ뵽ԭ֮һ಻ܼʱ
ˮֻѹ

һҲԷˮף˥ߡ

Ϊʲô˥߻ˮף

ĹǱѪÿѪҺＷȥ͵
֡ѪҺĿĵأᱻϸայˣѪҺ˳ž
صࡣȻ͵ȥ³ٷ࣬Ϳ
ͳȥˡ

עһ裺ࡣ

вܼʱѪͳȥͲȥ
Ѫǻʲô

ĻصѪҺͲܼʱҡѪҺھ
ѪҺ

ѪҺɸѹѹѪѪ͸ϸ֮Ŀ϶
ۼǾͳˮס

ҽѧϾͽ˥ߡ

˥ܵˮףԭ

ɪǸȻάѾѪҺƶѭ
ѭᵼˮһ㣬ʱһ֪Ǹʱû
ûʲôԹ۲¼ԭʼ£
ɪ鵱ʱʶˮ֮Ĺϵ

˥ߵĲƣػƶļԭҪһ֮
֯ѧĵͼѧˣǲ˽⵽ػЧɷ֣ظ
ӰļϸŨȱ仯ǿǿҲ֪Ѫ
ʱǻˮ׵ġ

֪ػ֮ܽˮףΪʵϣ
˲תʱִ򣬲ԭ򣬶ǽػļϸ
ǻָѪʹ˥ߵõ⡣˥߽ˣ
Żִ

Ϊʲô˥˻ִΪ˥ʱҪȱѪ
಻ЧѪҺҪѪ಻ܼʱſգ¾
ܵʧʧĽǲ
ЧҺǲ٣׸ءĹһָ๩
ѪӣѪ⣬ָܻܡʱ˻ִ

ɪ鲻֪ˮ˥ôжӦ֢ҩ

пܵġ֪ڻȻǸЧѰƷ
˽ڻ£۲ⲿҲǿܶɵġʹ
ڽ죬ȻҪַ̽ٴƷɪõҲ
ɸѡͬ͵ˮײˣֱػƣȻ۲Ч
ӦܽɡͿ֪Щ͵ˮײػЧ
ϵͳ۲̽ɪ鷢֣еˮ׶ػơ
ǸˮɸӲָˮǷǶԳˮףǾ
𣩣ˮػƲЧ˳ˮף΢
ɫ԰ף촽礣Ƥ䣬״֫ˮףָ
ˮףôػƾܿЧǻкõЧ

Ϥҽѧٴ˾ͻ֪һ֢״ǿ˥ġ
ΪЩ֢״ıԴ˥ߣػܸƲ顣ɪ鵱ʱ
֪ˮ׺˥Դϵͳķɸѡƾٴܽ
ɣԽʱҽѧˮƽĵط

⣬ɪҲע⵽ʹػ֮󣬲ʱˮ
ƽ²⵽ػƿܶҩáĵھƪҲ
һƪרôдػƶĶĳãǿ
κ֪ҩÿǶġ

ϧʱɪΪν˵ģ״Ѿǳûܳ
оȥ֮󣬵ʱҽûʾ
ȻĻ˻ǰʮͷ֣ػƵòǿġ

˼ػƵӦ֢ɪҪһ̽ػƶ
ԵĴ취

ݹƫ̫̫˵ػ֮󶼻Ż¸кɪ
鷢֣ЩԷӦͨȷĿƼһ
ֶġкԼ˵жÿ˵
ͬжҲͬҪΪÿĲ˷ֱ̽жʱ
ͣҩȶĸкʧ֮õжķҩͿ
ڲ¶ĸкӦǰ´ﵽЧ֢״

ѧоķܵģѧоĹǷɬġ
ʿ˿ѧоΪѧоҪܵĹ۲죬Ҫ
ıʼǣ¼һй۲쵽󡪡㵱ʱΪǲй
ɪڡػơ¼˴ļ¼ǿԼԿȽҪ
ļ¼

ظҩֶģŻ£кѣΣҰģ
ʻɫ࣬ÿ35Σ亹鴤ѣв


С𲽣𽥼ӴڸոտͷʱͲ
ӣôļСʱﶼ֢״ֻҪûгθ
ǽ᳦֢״Ϳάִ˼ÿθҩ֢״ֹͣ
ҩ򲻻ָãЧ⡣

ػƲЧػȷʵҩøǿ
ɪػҩõ⡣ػܲ򡱵ı֣
Ϊǿá˥µˮף˥֮֡򡱷Ӧ
ڲ˥µˮףҲͲ֡򡱷Ӧˡ

ػƲǶԸָ׶ãɪûܴӲѧ˥
ˮ׺ԭµˮףٴ۲ܽһӦ֢ų
סӲǾµЩˮס͵ʵ֤
ػӦ֢Щж൱׼ȷģ

ǡ÷ȷػǰȫЧģл
ˮ׵ҩȣʵСΪаյд仰ɪķ
10ʱ۲о

ػƿܶ˶ӰһִδҩӰһ
ֿܼƼֵӰɪĹ۲졣ûȷʶ
ػƶļάãһЩٴо


ĸ
                     ʺ

                            һƽ

һӢʽСMeme [mi:m]ݻѧҼ
ңţѧ¡˹Richard Dawkins˽
򡷣The Selfish Gene1976 [1]һ¸

˹ǶӦȻڵġGene򣩶Memeġ
֣ɻŴصһΪ˼ĻҲ
ƵĻӣԡԡͼ񡢹յȵȣܹ
ɽӺӴһתһ壨Ŵ˼ĻĻ
ͨģºѧϰһͷԽһͷԣŴʱ
ܲʹݻ/˼ĻĻڲʱҲܱΣ
ʹչɱģӵҪʵ˹ȴӹϣ
ȡһСģ֮imitated thingĴʸMimeme
Ϊȥе󡰻򡱣geneȥӢ䡱memory
ͷͬġMmeйأ˹һ򻯲ΪMeme[1]

˽ĻѸٳȫ򣬡MemeҲѧ㷺ܲ
оִʵ䣨Τϴʵ䡰Merriam-Webster Dictionary
ôʣ֪ʶƽ̨άٿơWikipedia, the free 
encyclopediaӢİ棩ҲרŴϵͳ[2]

1981꡶˽Ļİ[3]MemeҲ״ĸ
İ[4]Ȼֱ롣ĸ⣬
δͳһ[5,6]ϳԻ硰ĸ
򡱡ģ򡱡ġ򡱵ȡźǣЩδתMemeں

˵ĸ͡ĸơMemeǸĸĸ
-ģ֮⣬ϡMemeɱģ¶ıԡȻĸ̫
дˣզ֮¡ѰĸסĪһΪԴ޶Ӧ
ʶò룬Ҫһг岻´ʣɴֻг޴壬
Աһۿ䲰֮෽⡣硰coffeeȡָϣ
򡰿ƷơָУɡɷɡͲײˡ˵ɶʱ
ĳͷ˺ɲȴƭˣһЦ֮£ĸ
ƱȡĸЩ֡ˡɢǡϡMemeĲص
һͷԵһͷԣȿ֮ͬ䣨Ҳڴ֮䣨
򣩣񲻾ɢشðɣĸ/ɢĸ棬Ӧ
ǡɡˣ˹조Memeʱȥеgene
ġGeneѹ̶ΪˣǡĸһҲ
մ򡱡ο㻹ðǧɡĸסޣ
ӷ

˵򡱡ģ򡱺͡ġ򡱡㶼մˡ򡱣г
ȴСӡ֮ӣĸĸͨģ򡱺͡ġ
Сģġ֮⣬ƺͦáֻϧģ/ġ롰
֮ں﷢ĸ죬˼ҡMeme롰GeneӢ﷢ȴ
Ԫ൱ںĸͬ[i:]ĺǡοģ/ġ
һģһе̰֮ӣ͡Memeͻλ

˵ֻģ/ġǿȴȻδĴ治ʡ

ңҼһ򡱣ǰһ

򡱣Ĺ˼弴/ɢӡ/ɢ
ʡ򡱿ضΪɢԲ˼Ļӡ
Ҳ˱ģºͻ仯ǣ򡱲ڴ׼ȷر
ˡMemeںڷӢMemeгġԣ
ȫǺ˵˹ԭ⡣˷ʵμ汸޿ޣ롰gene
ĺ

GeneӢﶨΪthe fundamental physical and functional unit 
of heredityŴ빦֮λ꣬ĳλɾѧǰ
˵йִŴѧ֮ѧ̸δgene
ɡ򡱼ӡŴĻӡ彻޷죬
İоÿһҽѧĻѧ޲Ϊ
羴ѡ

һһ򡱣ѧһԣڷϸƾ
䣡

Էֱʡ2006޳³Ժʿġʦ
δ[7]2014ݽ塶۵ĵ¹ۡ[8]жģ֪
ͳڷ롶ĵΣչһʱ״ɡ򡱡Ҳ
ӢԭΪյģ빦֮ʳ˻ڳۡ

һ·̸룬ȻΪԭġ־Ŵšΰ
˼ϸᣩձĽǡţ˼׼ȷʵԭ
ף⣻ţ廪Ĳɷźʹѳɹʶ
飬Memeķ뼴˶źʹϽ׷ΨšֳΪѡ
Ʃ磬ԭһ໰ѧƷԲʼôţǿš
źʹǴ˴۵ġ򡱺֮͡Ŀѧ
ν綨׺ţֻҪ˼׼ȷţ⣨Ŀҵʵ֣
ͼ˻㡣Υ־ķ¡

ڴ߲٣겻йڡšоģ
ĨǵĻڰٶȰٿơŴšߵĽЦ˵ͣ
ζӦѧȥ⡰š˵ߣѧҲѧߣ
ŵҲ[9]ʻԵ壬ƫҪ뿪ȥ⣿

Ťͷȥ顰ŴšԴġԡĵ[10]
ϸ˵ǡѣššǱ̨νŴšֻһ
硣Ҳᵽʱڼã˹֮䣬
ҲͣΪ˰ѡۡЩԹո¿ѧף
еʵԭʾ䣬Ǹѵ
˼ʵ׼ȷϸϵĴࣨȡ壬ʴʾ֮䣬ʱ
ٵ棬ֱȾΣ򲻱ġͬʱ˲Ҫ
ĳЩ뷨Իʲʦơѧ߲ȫ͹Եʵ
ǵĿѧЩڡšǣ־ȴδȡ
ľ衣ңҲвѧ֮˵úǰַ䷨Ϊ
ףý֣ѡҪŲĪǽ컹ú
ǰĹ룿ǣǾǡǡѵ롪ѧ߲

ʵϣڷʵУͻǸšżʡɹ
С˵ӰӣshitաʺFuckա١ʲôΣ
ŵףȴԵʷ׳ʡ

ŵף˵˲ǡ𣿣ƶתȻ
Ѳԣֺη־Ҳһ֣ѡŴš
ɡŴǡȻӭж⡣

Ų˽ôôǶΪ߻û˸/Ը
ôᳫһֻǷǲġɵ󵨡ôᳫ
ŴǡֻԭĳǸ˻ǡӡ

ˣøˡ˳㾴һ·ӣࡰ󿧡֮
ϼС硣

2016-03-04дɽ£

ο׺ע

[1]	Dawkins, Richard (1989), The Selfish Gene (2 ed.), Oxford 
University Press, p. 192, ISBN 0-19-286092-5.We need a name for the 
new replicator, a noun that conveys the idea of a unit of cultural 
transmission, or a unit of imitation. 'Mimeme' comes from a suitable 
Greek root, but I want a monosyllable that sounds a bit like 'gene'. I 
hope my classicist friends will forgive me if I abbreviate mimeme to 
meme. If it is any consolation, it could alternatively be thought of 
as being related to 'memory', or to the French word mme. It should 
be pronounced to rhyme with 'cream'. 
[2]	Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Meme. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme. 
[3]	R˹¬С.˽Ļ򡷿ѧ磬1981
һ
[4]	R˹¬Сơ¸ӡС.˽Ļ
Ӣ30룩. ų磬2012.
[5]	yoyo. memeĺ롷ٶȰٿƴMeme. ַ
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=MjwWeWS13Y_wdHeXA_P7vvSZ13pA1dvBSus3Mbv4qa2YcRq-VE26n4llzo2qCc8Gpv8zexDq7cvR4ExO8IllaK#9
[6]	Զ. ٶȰٿƴģ. ַ
http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=fjkUh_q5tUP8oYm13PGrRTP6wglNDQuddgC17eZz-X2yFeZXAnUZXhA0KW5IRNW-ZZ-z22RuVx5ihgDWIgkCVq#4
[7]	ӡʦδ޳³.й걨
2006.11.29
[8]	ӡ۵ĵ¹ۡ2014726ڵѧ԰
̳ϵݽڡ˿վ. ַ
http://xys8.dxiong.com/xys/netters/Fang-Zhouzi/blog/atheism3.txt 
[9]	haozilinhao. ٶȰٿƴŴš http://baike.baidu.com/view/645992.htm 
[10]	Smile820727.ϸԭĽ. ٶĿ. ַ
http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=26J0e6mXdO5pCvf4s6zmtuHIjGtJVwTAJc5DR8Od-hdnPwGobNxR3AXGCL5YtzGxB3FJ6riN3J0PYlCiazXU1qm4LCf_Tp1elTX00tMc7RS 

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ѧͼе
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                          Ρ

λʦѣףҺ꼪顣ΪһѧѧʵǺ
ҽҪгͻģҺⲻѧ棬ҹ˵֮
֮ɡ

ֱķʽһǱ̫ͨã価ùĿ
ѧƣȻֲٵרʣַʽ
Щ⡣

ڣ鼤йڶԿƼļȤһǹȸΧ
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Χھʯս⣬ǶȤ
˵ڶ԰ӵǶģһķ֣
Լ֣˼רҵĿѧ־Ȼڹм˴Ĳ
ǰġ¼УԹ˵Ŀѧǲڴģ
ҽת¼ȣ㷽ҵǳĻ־硣
ǴҲãΪ෹ҵ̸ҲգܹעƼĽʹ֮
Ϊһڻ⣬Ȿһװܱװӹ׺á

װãѧ֪ð١仰˼ǣѧ
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칦ܵĿȵȵȡǮѧɭΪΪ׿нĺרңڣ
˶ɾͱʾɣֻҪԽ磬ЦٳġǮѧɭ֮ʡ
ʵ𰸾䱾ϡִѧѾһרҵ߶Э
κβ׿Խһδĳϸȡùϵĳɾͣ
ٲŵʱڵġٿȫʽĲѧߣѧѧ
档

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ǡǡ෴ΪִˣΪ߱һӦķȥѧ
ϰ֪ʶڴ˻γԼġʶϵܶרҵи
׼ȷжϣ⼴ǿѧ֮ϢУҪȡ֪ʶ
ѣѵǶϢȫɸѡӹƬ֪ʶĳ̶ֳк档
ҲҶвԭ֮һΪ֪ԼյģҲֻǲ
һڣڶྫ΢֮ԶҵҰΧ֮⣬
˼άɹͬ麬УǱףǾǻŬɵá
ܲԴ󵼣ѾллˣܶԴ棬
Ҫֳˡ

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ѧͼеȻ硱ģ׼ʱвѧķ֧
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Ǹɵ˺þãûĿѧ˵ĹϵȽϺã
һҵ㣬ҲҲи۵Ļᣬǿ
ʱرļϸڣýտ뵽Լϸڵ޾УǾ
˵ȥˡ

˵˵ɶпѧɡһֵǣܶǶĸ
ʵûйϵĶ壬ѧǣں澭˱Ƚϸӵݻ
ԼɿΪ״˱ȽϷִѧscienceĽֶ͡
ҾͲϸ˵ˣѧѧʷҵ顣˹̹˵
ĵطڣǿԱġѧʱ
õ֪ʶϡᵽġѧ˵һ
ȻѧļơѡһԼΪȽϿ׵ĽͣǶԵ
֮ԼĽͣΪ֪ͬ

ڿѧĺ˵νѧĽвͬĹ۵㣬
һΪѧ

һԿ͹ۣһԿ͹ʵĹ۲Ϊͨѧһʵ鲢
Ƹֱ֤ʵ׼ȷԣԼ۵

£ǵļвҪϵۡǷѧ˹
ʱĽȷʵһЩѧԻڽ̣ѧ˼ά
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µģĿѧ֪ǣְ͢ҵĹپ
ɵĴʿſѧķչѧѾȫڽ
ѧѾԿԽרҵ蹵

Ҫ˵ǣԡԿ͹ۡиٶ̣еı嶨
壬һ֪ġʵڡ
ʵϲܣٴᵽ

һ棬ִѧУŴԹ˵֪ŷ
¼еƽйԭٲԭ۵
ۻʯѧеġⲻ׼ԭϵķˡ

Щ֤жϵķֻٳµϵĽ
˵ƽйķٽκްз˹εĵ
ΣʵͼУسΪ۵ѧߣԴ˰ʾ
Ĵ˼ά͹硱۵΢ϡ

ԡԿ͹ۡٶ̣ǲʶ롰͹硱Ĺϵ
Ḷ́ߣƺΪУ͹ߣȻ֮࣬Ƕ֮
⣬֮⣬硱һжϣҲġԭ
һֽͣڡԭǳȤлٽ

Ȼѧ棬򰵵һ۲ߡ۲
硱ڱ֣ѧֵԣ˵
Ѧè˵ã˵ƽ棬ٱ˵Ⱥᵽģ
ʱɢģֻеתʱ̮Ϊ
۲ȵȵȵȣѧڲⲻ׼ԭϣ
ȷĿѧֵۣ߸ƶڹͿԣ˼顣
Ҳǰ̵һ仰ˣĸ⣩ǵõ
ҸеһνӴѧʱǻҵۣ˺óʱŴ
۶ԾĴлָ𺳳̶¡

ðɣԿ͹۾Ͳһ⣺ûпǡ۲
ߡ漰ڽ̹

֤αԿնĹ۵㣬ʵ޷֪һѧ
ǷһȷѧдʱǿϽȷ֤ⲿ
ĴѧʾǺϺѧѧʡ

֤αԭжһѧ˵ǲڣȻѧҪж
Ҫһѧ˵ǲǾ飬ǲαѧͿˡҽ֮
ǿѧۣȾһͨ˳˵һ䣬ն
ѧҲΪαѧС

ΪЩѧ˵̵Ķǵѧ˵пȷ
ģֻǲп֤αԣ޷ھԼ⣬޷Ϊѧѧ˵

йкܶѧңŪ˺ܴĶ˵ˮ͡
˹ҲǿֿЦǳĴҪǳ֤
Ҫ˵֩Ҫǿ֤ǿ֤αģץ
סһ֩ǿ֤ǻҪڿѧʵµϸ飬֤
䲻ûðģ֤α

ã׳һ⣺˵ǧⷢ˴˰֣֤
ƭӣ

һ÷ΧҲ˵ѧǷ֮ĺ׼ľ
磺ţѧѧڵ״̬µĽ״̬ʧЧ

Ȼ÷ΧҲſѧ֪߽ģǰѧ
Ϊֻ΢ۣںʧЧڣѧձ
ͬѧ÷ΧӹۣԴִѧѾΪ
ۡ

ںҲãԡ籾ʡ׷Ҳãѧ
ȻŬѰ̽ǷĳۿԽȻѧ磬
ѧϲӶͳһۣٴӰ˹̹
Ұġ

ġձȻԣѧ۱ԶʵĽͣҲ뱻ʵ֤ʵ
ܹ÷Χڵ֪ʵδʵ鷢ֵĽ
ǰհԤҵõʵ֤ʵ

һʵǿ֤αԵһֱѧϵǢģ
ֻҪҵһֻǾͿ˵ϵ
ǻжǴġ£ǾͲòչµ
ȥΪɶаĴڡ

ִķչʼ²ͻƣûк۵ġ
ѡû˶ѷ-Īʵ̫Ưѧ˵֮ì⡰ơ
ûкѧۡ

塢ִѧ磬һ֡˲ұ顱Ŀ
ڱƽͨѧ˽ľԼޡŷ޺о
CERNѧҹһݽбʾδ꣬ǿ
ܻ֪Ƿܶ˽࣬Ŀѧʷϣǽ״
ش⡣ңǺµǣǱƽ޵ԭ򲢲
ĴԲ޷㣬ѧ

ֲʵ19;Ѿʱͨһ̬ȱֳ
ģΪѾɣʣֻһЩι仰
ѫ±Ĵߣ˵仰֮Ƶĵ
ǡȻƱۺѧʱɢˣδѧǷ
㹻ˣҵĸأ

ִѧĳ̶ֳѾ봿˼άĵ·ۡɫ
ѧۡM۵ͼۺѧìܵϵƺ
Ҳʵ֤ʵļ·֪޵컨𣿻ĵ
ͻƼޣΪ񡱵㣿

ƼķչΪһ಻ͻн׳ʷ飬
ľȡ̽գ侫ʵʴδı䣬಻ϴӱūɴ
ߵĿͻ˶ⳡ˶׷߶أԽԽ
ΪڿƼֵרҵԡЭԼԣ˼
ľ񣬱ؽ뵽δķС˵յĻѧ¶ȵģ
Ȼδֹۣڴ,౻ĵ·ϣ
µ⣬ͨƼʵ
㡣Уŵ̬˼άäǻۣ̽
񣬲´۵ǿĹߡ

ˣԡѧһЩ˼һ䡣Щﲢͼ
ȥ⣬෴Լ˶ԽԽʺţڴһۡ
ͽԺлٽĳЩĿƼ֧֣̽ллҡ


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ĸǰиֻëϯ¼İ׷棨һֱڻǰĸ
и׾İĸиδҵĴֺ
ֳһ֪ʳȻƵķתԪȻ
û֪ʶӰ֧칦ܵǮѧɭ񰮴֧
ҽϣΨһһŵߣЩѧߡҲ֪
ûԵǴûֹ֧йԡһЩѧ֪ʶΪ
ķǣ˵Ϊйյγ㹱ˡη޹˾
ѷǵˮƽ¶ɡ⼸һýҪͷӴ˾ˣ
ĻͿԤ룬й֪ʶӱ۸ǧĴͳˡ

ĸǹġ֪ʶӡϾšڼû˵ˣ
˵ǲܸıġûýԵ֧֣
չ൱ġйֻҪִԣûĻ
ҪҽҾǴϴôʮǰôһ
¡¥м˼ҰѷĸڽѧĴѧһ¥
ǰȥһ֪Ϊ˽ˮѲִھҪЩѧ
100ˮѣѧǺܳԾ˵ôҲò100ˮҲܲ
죬Ǽˣһֻ45ˮ8ˮңôǻ100
֣濴ˮԭίˮİٶָˡ
ʵʱ֡ĵ߼˵
ȻڳھӻǼҪЩѧ100ˮѡͬУһ
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߼ǿˮѲýˡ˼죬˵Ǽѧŵ
ˡͨ£ˣΪʲôܱ˵ӣ
ʦĶֻ棬߼ָǵж̶ȵ


ϲӢƬӣΪƬÿһ̶ʿȣ󲿷
ﶯòСԱйƬӣ˼⣬Ⱥ
ԱļġСƷԱԱɽܳ첻ֱϺ
ڻпԭüĿһഺϢεҲҪϵ̫
·е㲻˼飬ΪӭϴڣȻԸһǵӡ
ǼеᶼǵģٲǴĻڽ
гøЦһЩģйǾٹ͵һ
Ա໰ĴԪϲα˷ڿķڷԺһĴ
Ȼսһ͡

ҵд˼۵ľڽ׼м˼
ľġҳ˵ͬһ飬ÿ˵ǲģ
ǿȷԺǿĿƼҲҽ۵
ԭ֮һеҶ˼׼ۿ޲׼
ȡȨ׼򹲲ɵۡ˼ۼңܻû
зִȨۣΪʲ׼ۣо޴ĳͻ
ǻΪȨ۽ʱۣջᱻȡ
򵥵ؿȨǲһʱ֪ۡƶȾѧʦ
նԲȨµĶǣһͨǿƶʵֵĶĳ־Ʒ;
ѡȨԴ⹤ߵĶԴ͹Եģ
٣ƼٷҲ֮û淽ĳͻƷ
ϡȱԽ󣬾üֵԽߣȨҪԽǿҡ֪ƽ֮
ԹǸ干ͬĻңԭϡȱԣ
ĳǣǰУġһЩԪغͱȻƽϡȱ
дһЩӵõȻʸϡȱһЩȻûеģ
Ʒһʼرϡȱɷǿ涨ʹȨ
ȨתȨ᲻ǾȻġɼ
ʲƸൽ̶ֳȣȨĸʱһ棬ѡ
ʽȨ¼µʽĶ¼еϡȱԣ
ȻʵϡȱԲͬһʱģмͶû
вȨͶʿ¼ԵĳЩҵר
ȨǼؼģرЩзͶ롢߷յҵҩҵд
һƪ£˰ӦĶַ䷽ʽһ֣ѳΪ
Ҫķ䷽ʽܳΪΨһķ䷽ʽȻǵѧ
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йض˼Ե¡˼Ҳ˹һΰ
ˣǻǶ⡣˼ΪʲôҪǿ׼أ
ʵףû˫ƽûķ㽲ġʲ
׼ռƵʱᣬ޲׼Ҳʲ׼ġ
޲׼ֻŽʲ׼⣬Եĵλܴʹ
ķչȷ˼׼ۣƶ¢Ϸһ
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һƺܵ͹ʣ˱ϱյƶȡʹʱú
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ҵ۵㶼뷽һ£м۵е㲻ͬҷ
ۣѧۣгﱣͬΪβǶ
谭ãõζǻкܴĴٽõġǺõ
κ٣ǳ൱ܡǿƼĽǿĵ
εĸܶصӵµҵġõΪʲô
УΪһ쵼Ҫߵһĳ̶ȣԾף
ֻаȷܽԶŻԾѧϰѧ
֪ʶùǷеѧķչһ
߲˹Ķǣĸ߹پʱȥµĿѧ֪ʶ
ԼʸõεȻ١

ҵ³صĽǶ⣬ΪȻɢṹ
ˣûѧģǶۡǵѧ绹ੲ
пѧ壬αһֱΪѧǻƻĸԴ󡰿
ѧĵġѿѧڽ̷⽨ͬȵĵλҽΪʲô
ǵִҽѧУΪҽΪҽǽڿѧϵģ
ҽǱ֤ҽΣѧϵġѧĴͳλڿѧ
ҽйõ˺Ϸĵλķ˽⵽й˵ȫ
ڵ⣬ѧǵʶ¾ɵġ
̹ҽ۲ûеõڵĹʶйȻٷȥΨ
н۵ͳʶΪڽ˵ڲ
֪һ˻ۣæڹĶȨĸ߹ǣܴ໹֪
ѧڶ˵ʲô19͵ġȼ˵ֻѧ֪
ЩƱȥĿƵýˣĻȥ˵۹ϵǳ
еѧ˵й˼ٸжΪΪ
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ĽáҪۺõһŤֱۡ˵ļֵǲû
ģֻܽܡ͵ľԺѧϵ۴ǵһԭɻɡ
ſѧĽǿúɢṹشʲôƵģ˵Ƶ
Ϊȶгйصģȶͨ
صĸۣҪõԭѧҲڻشʲô˹
ܵĽչһһǽʾʲô顣ҵһֱǿ
ǵһԵġһƻαƣα
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׷һαƵİҵ˵ûĸǰѧ
ģûĻıҵˡÿ˶˼һ£һ
Ψÿ仰Ϊᣬһҵ᣿ѧģ
ȻӦÿѧϡ˵ѧϣν֪ѧ߻˵Ψѧ壬
ϵֻ˵ǵ˼άֲ̫ˡˮƽ֪Ҫº壬
ҪϤףÿ岻һ£пɿοҪвɿοǿ
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ѧѧƵΪڽŻǿѧǽĳ
֮ϵģԿѧڽŴͳĻһġھ
һһ˵ѧҲǽ֮ϵģ仰и
֮֡ϵ۵ĴڣǵʶˮƽߣĿɿԼ͡
ģ̫ģϵĲģ
ôϵ۵ľסﲻӾۣ˵ϵôģ
Ҳת䣬ΪʲôһҪϵ۵İæɼϵ۴ڵĿ
Ǽ͵ġĳʶ̬ʵһѧκһѧʵһ
ۣһӵ֪ʶϵ泣಻ɿ֪ʶʹ
֪ʶô˲ӻɵĽܣôǿۺõһŤۣѧ
ֻΨһɿȥһΨ塣ɣһǿѧҪ
ĹʶֻгϴвƵĲʱƵĿ͹۹ɵĴڣ
ǵĹʶФĵһģһФǻ׼ȷĳ˻
ģ˶Ϊǻĳˡǻ뻭ģͬĹ
˵ǲͬˣûйʶġйʶһһ뻭ʶ
صģĴڡĸоʵʵ鶼֤ʵһ
¿ظֵĵ۲ߵľ޹ءΪеһ
ҪģΪѧ֮ԴûǵĹʶۣôܲһ
µۡɼѧһûа취þͰ¿ķ굶ȥġ֪
ķܷ׿ѧڽѧζѧ

˵˼ǳ׵Ψ壬ϸ·ͷ⡣Ϊ˼
Ϊѧн׼ԣ˵ûйϵѧ
ҵ۷ʱҵĸԴΤġ½
徫񡷣ն֤αġʷ۵ƶٵҮ
ġͨū۵ĵ·ǿʱһһչ
Կ˷ڽ̴Ψɷݣʶ׷ֵ
ǵѧȻչнչ෴ԭΨ
ȴ㲻ǰȻ׼ǲֵĶ
ⱾΨġ

˼ʷΨ忴صӲĽǶ,
ʵҪǰѹȥഴʷȺڴʷе
Ⱥڲָеˣϲ׼Ⱥ֤Ψ
˼ҪȫȻһֻƫ򲿷Ⱥǲȫģ޷йϵ
֪ʶʵǲѧ޹صĿ͹۹ɡ˵˼
ΨĳɷݣǳΨԭҼÿƪ¶ᵽ
صĸΪΪԡءΪԡ桱Ϊĺá
桱йصģ԰ѲȺ׼ƫйʶء
ȶͷչֱأȶͷչģȻԳΪ
ͬȺĹͬ⣬Һйʶ˵Դνѧֻ
ʷķȻѧõĻԭ۵ķۡȻѧ
ȷϵ֪ʶĵصȥ⣬ܱܿȴӲɿĸо
ɿԸߵöࡣ˵ѧȫҵȻѧȻ
γҵĹͬ壬ΪʲôѧͲγһ๲ͬҵأ
캰Ҫչ˼ۼǣǷӦûǶо˼ˣǷ
˼·ת䣬ǵѧڳ׵Ψϡ

ܸоۣⲻҵ⣬ǵĽý⡣
һءֶû˵˿ֵȻۡҪͷ
ءǲܵġءǽȷҪҪĸû
Ͳýۣ͸㲻帯ܵĸԴ˵Сֻ
һջһΰ˹̹ȥʣ׿ֺĬض԰˹̹˵
ʶΪҶңҶʶȴǴҶ㡣ý
һҶĿѧұӰǻأɼý
ʣҹƵȼԡԪ
ѧм֪ûм֪ǻҪܲý˵Ĵ
һȻƶִ֪äȻ֪Լߣ
֪ܵѧұָۣ̿ѧҡĸҰ̶ֳȣ
͸

ĸʱһǡȺڴʷǵഴ
ʷĶһα⡣ԡȺڡ
һʵⲻͬͬ˵⣬ǼȺ
ƽȺΪʲô͸ʲôǵ
ýǰ˵ġǴרƺϷСء
˻ᶮãȷӦǴӴȡмֵĶȺг
Իôǻɽ¶ˮƽȺڵ֪ʶ
ӵñȻͣʶҲΪָӳԶĹ
㿴ĺ£ΪҪѧָǼ򵥵İ˵ȥ
ҳһҪѧӦΧƸ߿۽ʦѧУԸ߿ɼΪ
׼ȻѧѧĶûѧҪѧĶһ
ѡ麣ִäҪСγѧң
ýγ߽ÿÿгнͨһƬңҲǾ
Ȼĳ˹۵أڽܲˣý岻ұ
ĲͣϱȻǵ׵ĶӡءĽǶȺ
׿רƱȵרƸ׻ҡΪҪȷжϣҪ
ȷۣһһֱι˧£ѧǼԭʼģ
ǲȫλĴȷ֪ʶǴǴģ
˵ġǿұȻķ档
Ƶ޲׼Ҫֲ֧ʲ׼⣻ȷļٲ
֪ʶҪڶִäҪ֧֡й֪ʶӵıһֱҪ
ʱ

ϸĩ˵͡Ϊ֪ʶѽӽ죬
ǶԿռ׷ѴﵽһĹģ𳵷ɻǻΧ
չתصڽϸӵĿѧѧоϣ׷ʱϵɵ
Ըкܴʵ֡ѧǵӳȻȻԶԶ
ڿռõɣŻ۳Ϊѧĺ۵ȷ
İسᱻ׽ҿʵִȵ͸Ը
Զˡйһ쵼ڲѧй˿ڱͣȻ
л෴ĵ·ɽ磻йڶ쵼˲ѧΪþһ
Уֱĸҧˣǹȵѧ˶ѧ˶Ĵ
һ½ֹ߿Ƽ룬йһ˼Ҵ򹤵
ССĺǰ֮쵼ǲҲҪԿäĿأ
Ĺ쵼ͬһξ·ŹǷũ
Ƕοӣ첻ǹŽ200Ĵൽȥʩũҷʣ
Ǳųصũҩƿſڴ̫ũҩйڶũ
ڹĿӣҪҪΪǵ롣һũ
100ˣйһũֻˣʲôͶЧʣǿ
й֪ʶӲɣмǿʹǵ
ô˷ת֧ҽʱѵǲΪǿѵũ
Щʲô

ע˵й֪ʶִָѧ֪ʶӣΪʱĽ
ʶ־ͽ֪ʶˡＸųйĿ֪ʶӣ
Ϊ̫ƫƣͬڷҵĿйĿӰ̫ˣ
Ŀ֪ʶ̫ٿ͹ݣ̫ȫ๲ʶĶʱչ죬Ǽ
һ


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